RESUMO
Blood transfusion therapy in the 21st century continues to present limitations regarding efficacy and risks. Blood management partners optimal blood transfusion therapy with anemia management that incorporates nonblood strategies and techniques. A planned approach to anemia prevention, identification, and treatment can reduce the need for blood transfusion and improve patient outcomes. The use of pharmaceutical agents and tools to minimize blood loss also leads to blood transfusion reduction. Nurses play an integral role in affecting the use of alternatives to blood transfusion. Through assessment, communication, and an understanding of blood management strategies, nurses are patients' front-line innovators in promoting best practices.
Assuntos
Anemia/terapia , Transfusão de Sangue , Fatores de Crescimento de Células Hematopoéticas/uso terapêutico , Anemia/tratamento farmacológico , Hemorragia/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Resultado do Tratamento , Vitaminas/administração & dosagemRESUMO
This article reviews treatments and strategies that can be used to reduce, or as adjuncts to, blood transfusion to manage blood volumes in patients who are critically ill. Areas addressed include iatrogenic anemia, fluid management, pharmaceutical agents, hemostatic agents, hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, and management of patients for whom blood is not an option.