Association between ACE and ACTN3 genetic polymorphisms and the effects of different physical training models on physically active women aged 50 to 75.

The aim of this study was to analyze the association between ACE (DD + ID versus II) and ACTN3 (TT + TC versus CC) polymorphisms in the response of multicomponent physical training programs and combined in the health parameters of physically active women aged 50 to 75 years. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: multi-component training and combined training. Intervention lasted 14 weeks, 180 minutes a week. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples and genotyping analyzes were performed by conventional and real-time PCR. Associations were observed between polymorphisms in anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, physical capacity and quality of life in both models physical training, with improvement in group II - (ACE- multicomponent training in terms of abdominal circumference and sit-to - Combined training in terms of waist circumference) and TT + TC group (ACTN3 - multicomponent training in tests of muscle strength and mental quality of life domain, and combined training in body mass index, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, upper limb strength and cardiorespiratory capacity). Fourteen weeks of multicomponent and combined physical training in physically active women aged 50 to 75 years resulted in greater health benefits for genotypes II (ACE) and TT + TC (ACTN3).

ß2 adrenergic interaction and cardiac autonomic function: effects of aerobic training in overweight/obese individuals.

PURPOSE: To verify the influence of different volumes and intensities of aerobic exercise on cardiac autonomic function (CAF) through heart rate variability (HRV) analysis as well the influence of ß2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) variants in overweight/obese individuals. METHODS: 70 physically inactive adults were randomly allocated into the following 16-week training: 1-high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (n = 25, 1 × 4 min bout at 85-95%HR peak, 3×/week), 4-HIIT (n = 26, 4 × 4 min bouts at 85-95%HR peak, interspersed with 3 min of recovery at 50-70%HR peak, 3×/week), and moderate continuous training (MCT) (n = 19, 30 min at 60-70%HR peak, 5×/week). Before and after the exercise training, anthropometric, BP, cardiorespiratory fitness, and HRV measures were evaluated. R-R intervals recorded for 10 min in a supine position at pre- and post-intervention were used to analyze HRV in the plot-Poincare indexes (SD1, SD2), and frequency-domain (LF, HF, LF/HF). Full blood samples were used for genotyping. RESULTS: 4-HIIT and MCT showed positive outcomes for almost all variables while 1-HIIT had a positive influence only on SBP and SD2 index. No associations were observed between isolated ADRB2 variants and changes in HRV. In the analysis of the interaction genotypes, all groups responded positively for the SD1 index of HRV and only the H1 (GG and CC) and H2 (GG and CG + GG) groups presented increases in the RMSSD index. Furthermore, there was an increase in the LF index only in the H3 (CC and AA + AG) and H4 (AA + AG and CG + GG) groups. CONCLUSIONS: ADRB2 variants and aerobic exercise training are important interacting variables to improve autonomic function and other health variables outcomes in overweight or obese individuals.

Multicomponent Training Changes Blood Pressure and Redox Status in Older Women: Influence of ß2 Adrenergic Receptor Haplotypes.

The ß2 adrenergic receptor (ß2-AR) plays an important role in vascular smooth muscle. However, the interaction between Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu ß2-AR polymorphisms, and exercise training has not yet been established. This study evaluated the influence of these ß2-AR polymorphisms on body composition, aerobic capacity, blood pressure, lipid profile, nitric oxide, and redox status at baseline and in response to an exercise program in women aged 50-79 years. Genotype and haplotypes were analyzed in association with the previously mentioned variables before and after the multicomponent training (12 weeks, 2 sessions/week, 90 min/session, and exercise intensity between 13 and 15 on the Borg scale). Individuals who carry ß2-AR Arg16Arg/Gln27Gln genotypes presented more improvements in blood pressure, body composition, aerobic capacity, and redox status in response to a multicomponent training program compared with individuals who do not carry this haplotype. In some years, the genetic profile may be used to predict which exercise program can induce more health benefits for each person.

Influence of training status and eNOS haplotypes on plasma nitrite concentrations in normotensive older adults: a hypothesis-generating study.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between 3 eNOS gene polymorphisms and training status (TS) in affecting plasma nitrite concentration (NO2) in normotensive adults over 50 years old. Resting blood pressure (BP) was measured in all participants (n = 101). Plasma was taken to analyze: lipid profile, nitrite concentration (NO2) and lipid peroxide levels (T-BARS). Also, genomic DNA was extracted from plasma for genotyping NOS3 polymorphisms (-786T>C; 894G>T; and VNTR in intron 4). TS was determined by one-mile walk test and Functional Fitness Test Battery from AAHPERD (TS1-regular TS; TS2-good TS; and TS3-very good TS). BP was not influenced by TS, but NO2 was 15% higher in TS3 (123 ± 27 nM) compared to TS-2 (106 ± 22 nM). No differences were found in plasma NO2 in the haplotype analyses. However, the presence of the C allele (T-786C) and ASP allele (Glu298Asp) was found to enhance the correlation between TS and NO2 levels (r = 0.492 in C/4b/ASP haplotype and r = 0.855 in C/4a/ASP haplotype). This study thus identifies NOS3 polymorphism-dependent sensitivity to the effects of physical training on plasma NO2. Maintenance of good levels of training status, in carriers of C allele for T-786C polymorphism, combined with ASP allele for Glu298Asp polymorphism, may result in an increase in the NO2 plasma concentrations, which may reflect improved NO bioavailability in older adult normotensive individuals.

The relationship between training status, blood pressure and uric acid in adults and elderly.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension can be generated by a great number of mechanisms including elevated uric acid (UA) that contribute to the anion superoxide production. However, physical exercise is recommended to prevent and/or control high blood pressure (BP). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between BP and UA and whether this relationship may be mediated by the functional fitness index. METHODS: All participants (n = 123) performed the following tests: indirect maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), AAHPERD Functional Fitness Battery Test to determine the general fitness functional index (GFFI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), body mass index (BMI) and blood sample collection to evaluate the total-cholesterol (CHOL), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c), triglycerides (TG), uric acid (UA), nitrite (NO2) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (T-BARS). After the physical, hemodynamic and metabolic evaluations, all participants were allocated into three groups according to their GFFI: G1 (regular), G2 (good) and G3 (very good). RESULTS: Baseline blood pressure was higher in G1 when compared to G3 (+12% and +11%, for SBP and DBP, respectively, p<0.05) and the subjects who had higher values of BP also presented higher values of UA. Although UA was not different among GFFI groups, it presented a significant correlation with GFFI and VO2max. Also, nitrite concentration was elevated in G3 compared to G1 (140±29 µM vs 111±29 µM, for G3 and G1, respectively, p<0.0001). As far as the lipid profile, participants in G3 presented better values of CHOL and TG when compared to those in G1. CONCLUSIONS: Taking together the findings that subjects with higher BP had elevated values of UA and lower values of nitrite, it can be suggested that the relationship between blood pressure and the oxidative stress produced by uric acid may be mediated by training status.

Effects of Moderate-Intensity Training Under Cyclic Hypoxia on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Hematological Parameters in People Recovered From COVID-19: The AEROBICOVID Study.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have indicated that people who live at altitude have a lower incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and lesser severity in infection cases. HYPOTHESIS: Hypoxia exposure could lead to health benefits, and it could be used in the recovery process as an additional stimulus to physical training to improve cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled clinical trial. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 2. METHODS: The 43 participants, aged 30 to 69 years, were divided into control group (CG, n = 18) and 2 training groups: normoxia (NG, n = 9) and hypoxia (HG, n = 16). Before and after the intervention were evaluated the lactate threshold 2 (L2), peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), and a blood sample was collected at rest to evaluate hematological adaptation. Both groups performed an 8-week moderate-intensity physical training on a bike. The HG were trained under normobaric hypoxic conditions (fractional inspired oxygen [FiO2] = 13.5%). RESULTS: The 8-week intervention promoted a similar improvement in CRF of people recovered from COVID-19 in the HG (L2 = 34.6%; VO2peak = 16.3%; VO2peak intensity = 24.6%) and NG (L2 = 42.6%; VO2peak = 16.7%; VO2peak intensity = 36.9%). Only the HG presented differences in hematological variables (erythropoietin = 191.7%; reticulocytes = -32.4%; off-score = 28.2%) in comparison with the baseline. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study provide evidence that moderate-intensity training in normoxia or hypoxia promoted similar benefits in CRF of people recovered from COVID-19. Furthermore, the hypoxia offered an additional stimulus to training promoting erythropoietin increase and hematological stimulation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The present exercise protocol can be used for the rehabilitation of people recovered from COVID-19, with persistent low CRF. In addition, this is the first study demonstrating that physical training combined with hypoxia, as well as improving CRF, promotes greater hematological stimulation in people recovered from COVID-19.

Effects of Different Protocols of Moderate-Intensity Intermittent Hypoxic Training on Mental Health and Quality of Life in Brazilian Adults Recovered from COVID-19: The AEROBICOVID Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different protocols of moderate-intensity intermittent hypoxic training in patients who had recovered from COVID-19 on quality of life (QoL) and mental health. The sample of this clinical trial-controlled double-blind study consisted of 67 participants aged 30-69 years, who were organized randomly according to Normoxia, Hypoxia, Hypoxia Recovery or Control Group. Eight weeks of cycle ergometer training were performed with a frequency of three training sessions per week in normoxic or hypoxic conditions (with or without hypoxic recovery). Health-related QoL and Mental Health Status were evaluated by 12-Item Short Form Survey and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale instruments, respectively. All training groups improved the QoL's physical dimensions (Baseline-Post: Normoxia Group 42.1 (11.0)-48.7 (7.0), Hypoxia Group 46.9 (11.8)-53.5 (6.6) and Hypoxia Recovery Group 45.8 (9.2)-51.1 (5.3)) and mental dimensions (Baseline-Post: Normoxia Group 48.8 (7.9)-54.6 (4.6), Hypoxia Group 45.2 (7.7)-53.2 (3.8) and Hypoxia Recovery Group 46.5 (9.7)-52.0 (9.9)). Regarding mental health outcomes, all training groups decreased depressive symptoms (66.7% Normoxia, 31.2% Hypoxia Recovery and 31% Hypoxia groups), anxiety symptoms (46.5% Normoxia, 45.9% Hypoxia Recovery and 39.5% in the Hypoxia groups) and stress symptoms (40.6% Normoxia, 36.3% Hypoxia Recovery and 22.1% Hypoxia groups). Significant statistical difference was not found between groups. Normoxic and hypoxic training showed a similar effect on QoL and the mental health of Brazilian adults who had recovered from COVID-19.

The IgG glycome of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals reflects disease course and severity.

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies play an important role in the immune response against viruses such as SARS-CoV-2. As the effector functions of IgG are modulated by N-glycosylation of the Fc region, the structure and possible function of the IgG N-glycome has been under investigation in relation to divergent COVID-19 disease courses. Through LC-MS analysis we studied both total IgG1 and spike protein-specific IgG1 Fc glycosylation of 129 German and 163 Brazilian COVID-19 patients representing diverse patient populations. We found that hospitalized COVID-19 patients displayed decreased levels of total IgG1 bisection and galactosylation and lowered anti-S IgG1 fucosylation and bisection as compared to mild outpatients. Anti-S IgG1 glycosylation was dynamic over the disease course and both anti-S and total IgG1 glycosylation were correlated to inflammatory markers. Further research is needed to dissect the possible role of altered IgG glycosylation profiles in (dys)regulating the immune response in COVID-19.

Effectiveness, implementation, and monitoring variables of intermittent hypoxic bicycle training in patients recovered from COVID-19: The AEROBICOVID study.

Hypoxic exposure is safely associated with exercise for many pathological conditions, providing additional effects on health outcomes. COVID-19 is a new disease, so the physiological repercussions caused by exercise in affected patients and the safety of exposure to hypoxia in these conditions are still unknown. Due to the effects of the disease on the respiratory system and following the sequence of AEROBICOVID research work, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, tolerance and acute safety of 24 bicycle training sessions performed under intermittent hypoxic conditions through analysis of peripheral oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2), heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), blood lactate concentration ([La-]) and symptoms of acute mountain sickness in patients recovered from COVID-19. Participants were allocated to three training groups: the normoxia group (GN) remained in normoxia (inspired fraction of O2 (FiO2) of ∼20.9%, a city with 526 m altitude) for the entire session; the recovery hypoxia group (GHR) was exposed to hypoxia (FiO2 ∼13.5%, corresponding to 3,000 m altitude) all the time except during the effort; the hypoxia group (GH) trained in hypoxia (FiO2 ∼13.5%) throughout the session. The altitude simulation effectively reduced SpO2 mean with significant differences between groups GN, GHR, and GH, being 96.9(1.6), 95.1(3.1), and 87.7(6.5), respectively. Additionally, the proposed exercise and hypoxic stimulus was well-tolerated, since 93% of participants showed no or moderate acute mountain sickness symptoms; maintained nearly 80% of sets at target heart rate; and most frequently reporting session intensity as an RPE of "3" (moderate). The internal load calculation, analyzed through training impulse (TRIMP), calculated using HR [TRIMPHR = HR * training volume (min)] and RPE [TRIMPRPE = RPE * training volume (min)], showed no significant difference between groups. The current strategy effectively promoted the altitude simulation and monitoring variables, being well-tolerated and safely acute exposure, as the low Lake Louise scores and the stable HR, SpO2, and RPE values showed during the sessions.

Effects of moderate-intensity intermittent hypoxic training on health outcomes of patients recovered from COVID-19: the AEROBICOVID study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies point to a lower number and reduced severity of cases in higher altitude cities with decreased oxygen concentration. Specific literature has shown several benefits of physical training, so, in this sense, physical training with hypoxic stimulus appears as an alternative that supports the conventional treatments of the COVID-19 patient's recovery. Thus, this study's primary aim is to analyze the effects of moderate-intensity intermittent hypoxic training on health outcomes in COVID-19 recovered patients. METHODS: A clinical trial controlled double-blind study was designed. Participants (30-69 years old) will be recruited among those with moderate to severe COVID-19 symptoms, approximately 30 days after recovery. They will be included in groups according to the training (T) and recovery (R) association with hypoxia (H) or normoxia (N): (a) TH:RH, (b) TN:RH, (c) TN:RN, and last (d) the control group. The 8-week exercise bike intervention will be carried out with a gradual load increase according to the established periods, three times a week in sets of 5 min, 90 to 100% of the anaerobic threshold (AT), and a 2.5-min break. Blood will be collected for genotyping. First, after 4 weeks (partial), after 8 weeks, and later, 4 weeks after the end of the physical training intervention, participants will perform assessments. The primary outcome is the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2peak). The secondary outcomes include lung function, inflammatory mediators, hematological, autonomic parameters, AT, body composition analysis, quality of life, mental health, anthropometric measurements, and physical fitness. The statistical analysis will be executed using the linear regression model with mixed effects at a 5% significance level. DISCUSSION: This study is designed to provide evidence to support the clinical benefits of moderate-intensity intermittent hypoxic training as a part of the treatment of patients recovered from COVID-19. It may also provide evidence on the efficacy and safety of intermittent hypoxic training in different health conditions. Lastly, this study presents an innovative strategy enabling up to 16 participants in the same training session. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov RBR-5d7hkv. Registered after the start of inclusion on 3 November 2020 with the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry.

NOS3 Polymorphisms Can Influence the Effect of Multicomponent Training on Blood Pressure, Nitrite Concentration and Physical Fitness in Prehypertensive and Hypertensive Older Adult Women.

Associations of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) polymorphisms with hypertension and response to exercise training in prehypertensive and hypertensive older adult women remain unclear. This study used a multicomponent program (various capacities and motor skills) in the physical training intervention. It analyzed the influence of NOS3 polymorphisms [-786T > C, 894G > T (Glu298Asp), and intron 4b/a] on the response of blood pressure (BP), nitrite concentration, and physical fitness in older adult women. Fifty-two participants aged between 50 and 80 underwent body mass index, BP, 6-min walk, elbow flexion, and sit and stand-up tests to assess physical fitness. The intervention duration was 12 weeks, twice a week, on non-consecutive days. Each session lasted 90 min, maintaining an intensity between 13 (moderate) and 15 (intense), controlled by the Subjective Effort Perception Scale. Plasma/blood samples were collected to assess nitrite concentration and genotyping. The statistical analysis included Fisher's exact test and linear mixed-effects models. The multicomponent training's positive effect was observed with a similar response in both prehypertensive and hypertensive groups. However, carriers of different genotypes demonstrated different responses to training: the decreases in systolic and diastolic BP and increases in nitrite expected from the physical training were smaller in variant genotype than ancestral genotype carriers, especially in the hypertensive group. At positions -786T > C and Glu298Asp, only the ancestral genotypes showed a decrease in diastolic BP (Δ% = -8.1, and Δ% = -6.5, respectively) and an increase on nitrite (Δ% = 19.1, and Δ% = 24.1, respectively) in the hypertensive group. Our results show that the benefits of a multicomponent training intervention seem to be genotype-dependent. It should be possible to consider genetic variants when selecting an exercise treatment intervention.

Effects of school-based interventions on blood pressure in obese children: metanalysis / Efeitos de intervenções de base escolar na pressão arterial de crianças com obesidade: metanálise

Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement (PRISMA), a systematic review with metanalysis was conducted to identify and summarize the effects of school-based physical activity interventions that sought to control and / or reduce blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) in children and / or adolescents with overweight and / or obesity. In September 2022, potential studies were searched in five electronic databases (Pubmed, Scielo, Scopus, Sportdiscus, and Web of Science) and in reference lists. Randomized controlled trials conducted in schools with interventions involving physical activity and assessment of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 years with overweight and / or obesity were con-sidered for synthesis. The risk of bias was assessed using an adapted version of the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool (EPHPP). Metanalysis was developed from the random model. Four studies were included. For systolic blood pressure, a summary effect of -0.10 (95% CI: -0.39; 0.19; I2 = 0%) was observed. For diastolic pressure, the metanalysis indicated -0.33 (95% CI: -0.62; -0.04; I2 = 11%). Considering the promising effects on diastolic blood pressure, we suggest the develop-ment of more school-based interventions based on physical activity practice for overweight and / or obese populations, which may also add environmental elements, longer duration, multicomponent approaches, and parent / guardian involvement to their strategies.

Com base na declaração Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), foi realizada uma revisão sistemática com metanálise para identificar e sumarizar os efeitos de intervenções escolar baseadas na atividade física que buscaram o controle e / ou redução da pressão arterial (sistólica e diastólica) em crianças e / ou adolescentes com excesso de peso e / ou obesidade. Em setembro de 2022, estudos potenciais foram pesquisados em cinco bases de dados eletrônicas (Pubmed, Scielo, Scopus, Sportdiscus, e Web of Science) e em listas de referências. Foram considerados para a síntese ensaios controlados randomizados realizados em escolas, com intervenções que envolviam a atividade física e avaliação da pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica em crianças e adolescentes dos 6 aos 19 anos com excesso de peso e/ ou obesidade. O risco de viés foi avaliado utilizando uma versão adaptada do instrumento Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP). A metanálise foi elaborada a partir do modelo randômico. Foram incluídos quatro estudos. Para a pressão arterial sistólica, observou-se um efeito sumarizado de -0,10 (IC 95%: -0,39; 0,19; I2 = 0%). Para a pressão diastólica, a metanálise indicou -0,33 (IC 95%: -0,62; -0,04; I2 = 11%). Considerando os efeitos promissores na pressão arterial diastólica, sugerimos o desenvolvimento de mais intervenções escola-res fundamentadas na prática de atividade física às populações com sobrepeso e / ou obesidade, que possam agregar também, em suas estratégias, elementos ambientais, maior duração, abordagens multicomponentes e envolvimento dos pais / responsáveis.

Physical activity, depression, anxiety, and stress in adults and elderly in the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil / Atividade física, depressão, ansiedade e estresse em adultos e idosos na pandemia COVID-19 no Brasil

The aim was to verify whether there is a relationship between physical activity habits and the indica-tion of associated risk for depression, anxiety, and stress in adults and the elderly during a period of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. A cross-sectional study, with data collection between October and November 2021, was carried out using an online form, with questions about sociodemographic data, physical activity practice before and during the pandemic, health status, mental health through the Scale of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress (DASS-21), and level of physical activity through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test with a significance level of 5% and multiple correspondence analysis. The were 1044 men and women, aged between 18 and 75, from all over the national territory. Among them, 48.0%, 35.9%, and 61.1% showed an indication of associated risk for depression, anxiety, and stress, respec-tively. Adult participants 93.4%, female 66.8%, educational level up to undergraduate studies 54.2%, and single 57.5%, as well as those with a low level of physical activity 36.1% and who reported wors-ening in practice during the pandemic 53.9%, showed a greater risk indication for depression, anxiety and stress (p<0.05). In summary, physically active people who managed to maintain or improve their practice during the pandemic showed a lower indication of associated risk for problems related to mental health. It is important to consider the planning of public policies from the perspective of equity to help people with greater vulnerability in accessing physical activity

O objetivo foi verificar se há relação entre os níveis de atividade física e a indicação de risco associado para depressão, ansiedade e estresse em adultos e idosos durante um período da pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil. Estudo transversal, entre outubro e novembro de 2021, foi realizado por meio de um formulário online, com perguntas sobre dados sociodemográficos, prática de atividade física antes e durante a pandemia, estado de saúde, saúde mental - Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse (DASS-21) e nível de atividade física - Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ). A análise estatística foi realizada por meio do teste Qui-Quadrado com nível de significância de 5% e análise de correspondência múltipla. Participaram 1044 homens e mulheres, com idade entre 18 e 75 anos, de todo território nacional. Entre os participantes, 48,0%, 35,9% e 61,1% apresentaram indicação de risco associado para depressão, ansiedade e estresse, res-pectivamente. Os participantes adultos 93,4%, do gênero feminino 66,8%, nível de escolaridade até o ensino superior 54,2% e solteiros 57,5%, bem como os com nível baixo de atividade física 36,1% e que relataram piora na prática durante a pandemia 53,9% apresentaram maior indicação de risco para depressão, ansieda-de e estresse (p<0,05). Em síntese, pessoas fisicamente ativas e que conseguiram manter ou melhorar a prática durante a pandemia, apresentaram menor indicação de risco associado para problemas relacionados à saúde mental. É importante considerar o planejamento de políticas públicas sob a ótica da equidade, para auxiliar pessoas com maior vulnerabilidade no acesso à atividade física

Competencies of the Physical Education professional in Primary Health Care / Competências do profissional de Educação Física na Atenção Primária à Saúde

Primary Health Care (PHC) is the user's gateway to the Unified Health System (UHS). With a wide range of actions from disease prevention to health promotion, the PHC was developed to serve the user in its entirety, offering body practices and physical activities among its activities. However, the inclusion of Physical Education (PE) professionals in multidisciplinary teams in PHC remains limited, and some studies show limitations in preparing these professionals to work in this context. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the paths taken from initial studies to the perception of the development of competencies in the PE professionals working in PHC. This is a qualitative study, performed through semi-structured interviews, remotely (Google Meet). The sample analyzed included six PE professionals who worked in PHC in cities from different regions across the country. Content analysis was performed to organize the results of the interviews, and the units of analysis were coded into thematic and then organized into categories: Undergraduate and Collective Health, Graduate Studies, Professional Practice, and Professional Competencies. It is concluded from this study that PE professionals identify a series of gaps in PE specific studies for work in PHC, with the studies after finishing the undergraduate program, being very important to meet demands and expec-tations for work. It was also observed a great knowledge about the competencies, linked to the theo-retical and practical universe, from a humanized look, for effective and efficient professional conduct

A Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) é a porta de entrada do usuário no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Com uma vasta amplitude de ações que perpassam da prevenção de agravos à promoção da saúde, a APS se de-senvolveu para atender o usuário em sua totalidade, ofertando dentre suas atividades as práticas corporais e atividades físicas. Entretanto, a inserção do profissional de Educação Física (EF) nas equipes multiprofissio-nais na APS ainda é pequena e alguns estudos mostram limitações na formação deste profissional para atuar neste contexto. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar os caminhos percorridos desde a for-mação inicial até a percepção sobre o desenvolvimento de competências na atuação dos profissionais de EF que trabalham na APS. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, realizado a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas, de forma remota (Google Meet). A amostra analisada contou com seis profissionais de EF que atuavam na APS em cidades das cinco regiões do país. Foi realizada análise de conteúdo para organizar os resultados das entrevistas, sendo que as unidades de registro foram codificadas em temáticas e na sequência organizadas em categorias: Graduação e Saúde Coletiva, Pós-formação, Atuação Profissional e Competências Profissionais. Como conclusão, os profissionais de EF identificaram lacunas na formação em EF para o trabalho na APS, sendo o contexto pós-formação bastante importante para atender demandas e expectativas para a atuação. Observou-se ainda um grande conhecimento sobre as competências, atrelado ao universo teórico e prático, a partir de um olhar humanizado, para uma conduta profissional eficaz e eficiente

Associação entre prática de atividade física com a saúde mental e a percepção da qualidade de vida em profissionais de enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto e região durante a pandemia da covid-19 / Association among physical activity practice with the mental health and the quality of life perception in nursing professionals from Ribeirao Preto and the region during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introdução: Na linha de frente da pandemia da COVID-19 encontram-se os profissionais de saúde que realizam um intenso trabalho, incluindo os profissionais de enfermagem, que representam uma grande parcela entre os profissionais de saúde que atuam nas instituições de saúde e hospitalares. As altas pressões no ambiente de trabalho com elevadas cargas e jornadas aumentaram as demandas, devido à responsabilidade de suas atribuições. Este contexto pode trazer repercussões negativas para a prática da atividade física, saúde mental e percepção de qualidade de vida destes profissionais. Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre a prática de atividade física, saúde mental e a percepção da qualidade de vida em profissionais de enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, SP durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com profissionais de enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto e região em 2021, por meio de formulário online na ferramenta Google Forms. Foram realizadas perguntas relacionadas aos dados sociodemográficos, atividade profissional, questionários para medir nível de atividade física e comportamento sedentário (IPAQ ­ versão curta), percepção da qualidade de vida (SF ­ 12v2) e saúde mental (DASS-21). Sobre a análise estatística, utilizou-se o teste Qui-quadrado para verificar a associação de duas variáveis categóricas entre si; teste t de Student para comparar duas médias e a ANOVA para comparar três médias provenientes de amostras não pareadas. O nível de significância foi de 5%. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 125 profissionais de enfermagem, sendo auxiliares, técnicos, enfermeiros(as) e enfermeiros(as) coordenadores(as). Desses, 79,2% foram mulheres e 56% atuavam no setor privado, 34,4% estavam acima do peso e 29,6% com obesidade. Os profissionais que praticavam exercício físico ou esporte apresentaram menor risco de depressão (57,9% entre os que não praticavam, 47,9% entre os que praticavam um tipo e 18,2% entre os que praticavam dois ou mais tipos de exercício ou esporte, p = 0,04). Profissionais com moderado ou alto nível de atividade física e que praticavam exercícios físicos ou esportes, apresentaram melhor pontuação em diversos domínios e nos componentes físico e mental da qualidade de vida, quando comparados aos com baixo nível de atividade física e que não praticavam exercícios físicos ou esportes, respectivamente. Conclusão: Profissionais de enfermagem que relataram praticar mais exercícios físicos ou esporte apresentaram menor risco relacionado à saúde mental, e os que relataram nível moderado ou alto de atividade física apresentaram melhor percepção de qualidade de vida (AU).

Introduction: At the forefront of the COVID-19 pandemic are health professionals who carry out intense work, including nursing professionals, who represent a large number of health professionals working in health and hospital institutions. The high pressures in the work environment with expended workloads and journeys increased the demands due to the responsibility of their attributions. This context can negatively affect these professionals' physical activity practices, mental health, and perceived quality of life. Objective: Analyze the association between physical activity practice, mental health, and perceived quality of life in nursing professionals from Ribeirao Preto, SP, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed with nursing professionals from the Ribeirao Preto and region area in 2021 through an online form on the Google Forms tool. Questions related to sociodemographic data, professional activity, questionnaires to measure physical activity levels and sedentary behavior (IPAQ - short version), quality of life perception (SF - 12v2), and mental health (DASS-21) were used. Regarding the statistical analysis, the Chi-square test was used to verify the association of two categorical variables; the Student's T-test to compare two means, and the ANOVA to compare three means from unpaired samples. The significance level was 5%. Results: 125 professionals participated in the study, such as assistants, technicians, nurses, and coordinating nurses. Among them, 79.2% were women, 56.0% worked in the private sector, 34.4% were overweight, and 29.6% were obese. Professionals who practiced physical exercise or sport had a lower risk of depression (57.9% among non-practicing professionals, 47.9% among practicing one type of exercise, and 18.2% among practicing two or more types of exercise or sports, p = 0.04). In addition, professionals with moderate or high physical activity levels and who practiced physical exercises or sports had a better score in multiple domains and physical and mental quality of life components compared with low physical activity levels and not practicing physical exercises or sports, respectively. Conclusion: Nursing professionals who reported practicing more physical exercises or sports had lower mental health-related risks, and those who reported moderate or high physical activity levels had a better perception of quality of life (AU).

Association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphisms and physical fitness levels with plasma nitrite concentrations and arterial blood pressure values in older adults.

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphisms are associated with reduced eNOS activity and nitric oxide (NO) production leading to an increase in blood pressure (BP). Regular exercise is the main strategy to minimize the deleterious effects of polymorphisms. However, due to the differences that physical exercise can be performed, some controversial results are found. Therefore it seems reasonable to evaluate the training status (TS). Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association of eNOS gene haplotypes and different levels of TS on nitrite concentrations (NO2-) and BP values in older adult. 424 elderly performed the following assessments: General Functional Fitness Index (GFFI) to estimate TS, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), blood collection for analysis of NO2- and g.-786T>C, intron 4b/a (VNTR) and 894G>T polymorphisms. Multivariate logistic regression showed that NO2- was influenced by GFFI and 4b/4a Intron 4. Regarding BP, GFFI influenced SBP and DBP, and just intron 4 was associated with variations in DBP. It can be observed that GFFI affected the NO2-, SBP and DBP independently of haplotypes. Therefore, maintenance of good level of TS can overcome the negative influence of genetics factors (intron 4) by increasing NO2- concentration and decreasing BP values.

Grupo de Trabalho em Práticas Corporais e Atividades Físicas na APS da SBAFS: criação, atividades e perspectivas / Working Group on Body Practices and Physical Activities in PHC of BSPAH: creation, activities, and perspectives

A Sociedade Brasileira de Atividade Física e Saúde (SBAFS) exerce papel importante no desenvolvimento e na disseminação do conhecimento científico, além de promover a articulação entre pesquisadores, estudantes, gestores e profissionais dos serviços de saúde nos cenários nacional e internacional. Nos últimos anos, estimulou-se a elaboração e a manutenção de Grupos de Trabalhos (GT) em diferentes temáticas na área de atividade física e saúde. Em 2021, foi instituído o GT em Práticas Corporais e Atividades Físicas na Atenção Primária à Saúde (PCAF-APS), o qual busca desenvolver ações para fortalecer a área temática, por meio da realização de encontros e debates com profissionais, gestores e acadêmicos, além do desenvolvimento de pesquisas. Desse modo, o objetivo deste manuscrito é descrever as ações relacionadas à criação, trajetória e perspectivas do GT PCAF-APS

The Brazilian Society of Physical Activity and Health (BSPAH) is essential in developing and disseminat-ing scientific knowledge and promoting articulation between researchers, students, stakeholders, and health service professionals in national and international scenarios. Developing and maintaining Working Groups ( WG) on different physical activity and health topics has been encouraged in recent years. In 2021, the Body Practices and Physical Activities in Primary Health Care (BPPA-PHC) WG was established, which seeks to develop actions to strengthen the thematic area through meetings and debates with professionals, stakeholders, and academics, in addition to research development. Thus, the paper aims to describe the actions related to the creation, trajectory, and perspectives of the BPPA-PHC

Estratégias de marketing para manter e captar clientes durante a pandemia da Covid-19 em academias de Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brasil / Marketing strategies to maintain and attract customers during the Covid-19 pandemic in gyms of Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil / Estrategias de marketing para mantener y atraer clientes durante la pandemia del Covid-19 en los gimnasios de Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brasil

Introdução: O Brasil é o terceiro colocado no ranking mundial em faturamento de serviços fitness, com 34.509 academias registradas. Entretanto, a pandemia da Covid-19 trouxe desafios e uma queda nesse faturamento. Com isto, as academias foram forçadas a adotar novas estratégias de gestão e marketing para se manterem no mercado diante deste novo contexto. Objetivo: Identificar as estratégias de marketing esportivo utilizadas por gestores de academias de Ribeirão Preto/SP para manter e captar novos clientes durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo qualitativo por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, realizada por meio da ferramenta Google Meet, gravadas para serem transcritas e analisadas posteriormente. Resultados: Dentre as estratégias utilizadas pelos seis gestores entrevistados, destacaram-se: segurança e limpeza da academia como marketing; priorização do relacionamento com o cliente como principal forma de retenção; uso recorrente do marketing de bonificações; pacotes e mensalidades mais atrativos para manter e ao mesmo tempo captar novos clientes; e, a utilização das redes sociais como principal forma de captação. Os problemas encontrados pelos gestores foram similares, com ao menos 1/3 apontando a falta de verba específica para o marketing, campanhas centralizadas em outras sedes ou franquias, lives ineficientes e marketing tradicional com custo muito alto. Considerações finais: Os gestores precisaram superar os obstáculos da pandemia para planejar e promover estratégias de marketing para academias com objetivos, público e porte diferentes. Ainda existem poucos estudos relacionando marketing e o mercado fitness no Brasil, destacando a importância de mais estudos que abordem esta temática.

Introduction: Brazil is ranked third in the world in fitness service billing, with 34,509 registered gyms. However, the COVID-19 pandemic brought challenges and a drop in this revenue. Consequently, the gyms were forced to adopt new management and marketing strategies to stay in the market facing the contemporary context. Objective: To identify the sports marketing strategies used by gym managers in Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil, to keep and attract new customers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A qualitative study was performed through semi-structured interviews, conducted through the Google Meet tool, recorded to be transcribed and analyzed. Results: Among the strategies used by the six managers interviewed stand out: gym safety and cleanliness as marketing; the prioritization of the relationship with customers as the main form of retention; the overuse of bonus marketing; packages and more attractive monthly fees to keep and at the same time attract new customers; and, also the use of social networks as the main form of attraction. The problems were similar among the managers, with at least 1/3 indicating the lack of a specific budget for marketing, centralized campaigns in other locations or franchises, inefficient live broadcasts, and traditional marketing with a very high cost. Final words: The managers needed to overcome the pandemic obstacles to plan and promote marketing strategies for gyms with different objectives, public, and size. There are still few studies on the relationship between marketing and Brazil's fitness market, highlighting the importance of more studies that address this theme.

Introducción: Brasil es el tercer país del mundo en facturación de servicios fitness, con 34.509 gimnasios registrados. Sin embargo, la pandemia de Covid-19 llevó a desafíos y un descenso de estos ingresos. Con esto, los gimnasios se vieron obligados a adoptar nuevas estrategias de gestión y comercialización para mantenerse en el mercado ante el nuevo contexto. Objetivo: Identificar las estrategias de marketing deportivo utilizadas por los gestores de gimnasios de Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil, para mantener y atraer nuevos clientes durante la pandemia de Covid-19. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo a través de entrevista con preguntas preestablecidas, realizadas por la herramienta Google Meet, grabadas para poder transcribirlas y analizarlas. Resultados: Entre las estrategias utilizadas por los seis gestores entrevistados, se destacaron: seguridad y limpieza del gimnasio como marketing; priorización de las relaciones con los clientes como principal forma de retención; el abuso del marketing de bonos; paquetes y cuotas mensuales más atractivas para mantener y al mismo tiempo captar nuevos clientes; y, también el uso de las redes sociales como principal forma de captación. Los problemas encontrados por los gestores fueron similares, con al menos 1/3 apuntando falta de presupuesto específico para el marketing, campañas centralizadas en otras sedes o franquicias, lives ineficientes y el marketing tradicional como una estrategia de muy alto coste. Consideraciones finales: Los gestores necesitaron superar los obstáculos de la pandemia para planificar y promover estrategias de marketing para gimnasios con objetivos, público y tamaño distintos. Todavía hay pocos estudios que relacionen el marketing y el mercado fitness en Brasil, destacando la importancia de más estudios que aborden este tema.

Physical activity in the post-COVID-19: AEROBICOVID project design and perspectives / Atividade física no pós-COVID-19: escopo do projeto AEROBICOVID e suas perspectivas

During the COVID-19 pandemic, several late-onset impairments have been observed, affecting the health and functionality of those involved. On the other hand, lower SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and severity of symptoms were observed in high-altitude cities. In this sense, the AEROBICOVID project was developed with the hypothesis that exercise would be an important opportunity for health improvement and that hypoxia would promote additional benefits in the recovery process. The cohort was about 84 participants with approximately 30 days since the COVID-19 symptoms recovery, 25 in the control group, and 59 divided into three moderate physical training groups. The project had good results in teaching, research, and extension, but also faced difficulties in operationalization. This experience is the basis for future proposals through an extension project at the University of São Paulo and in a Family Health Unit, besides a research project that will develop a new low-cost hypoxia technology (AU)

Durante a pandemia de COVID-19 estão sendo observados vários efeitos tardios, afetando a saúde e a funcionalidade dos acometidos. Por outro lado, foram observadas menores taxas de infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 e gravidade dos sintomas em cidades de elevada altitude. Neste sentido, o projeto AEROBICOVID foi desenvolvido com a hipótese de que o exercício seria uma proposta importante para a melhoria da saúde e que a hipóxia promoveria benefícios adicionais no processo de recuperação. Participaram 84 pessoas com aproximadamente 30 dias desde a recuperação dos sintomas da COVID-19, 25 no grupo de controle e 59 divididos em três grupos de treinamento físico moderado. O projeto teve bons resultados no ensino, pesquisa e extensão, mas também enfrentou dificuldades na operacionalização. Estas experiências são a base para propostas futuras através de um projeto de extensão na Universidade de São Paulo e em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família, além de um projeto de pesquisa que desenvolverá uma nova tecnologia de hipóxia de baixo custo (AU)

Influence of physical activity on psychological states in adults during the covid-19 pandemic / Influência da atividade física nos estados psicológicos de adultos durante a pandemia de covid-19

Introduction: Long periods of home confinement may lead to fear, panic, anxiety, and depression states, which, in turn, could drive to a reduction of active lifestyles. Objetive: To determine the association between the char-acteristics of the physical activity performed and the risk of experiencing mental health issues among people during confinement. Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional, and observational study design was conducted in Iberoamerican countries with a sample of 4,948 participants, selected through a snowball sampling technique. The study started on March 15th, 2020, and was completed in August 2020 through an online survey that includ-ed demographic and medical data, mental health status, and physical activity characteristics. Results: Brazilian women aged between 18 and 29 who stayed at home more than 19 hours per day presented a relevant higher risk for all the mental health problems analyzed in this study. A low level of physical activity during the isolation period presents the highest probability of depression compared to higher levels (OR = 1.317). In addition, using a no professional resource to do physical activity is a predictive factor of adverse mental health status (OR Anxie-ty = 1.396, OR Depression = 1.452, and OR Stress = 1.220). Conclusions: A low level of physical activity during a long isolation period is associated with a higher prevalence of depression, and the use of professional resources for physical activity may be a protective factor for mental health disorders (AU)

Introdução: Longos períodos de confinamento em casa podem levar ao medo, pânico, ansiedade e depressão, o que, por sua vez, pode estar relacionado à diminuição dos hábitos de atividade física. Objetivo: Determinar a as-sociação entre as características da atividade física praticada e o risco de apresentar problemas de saúde mental em pessoas durante o confinamento. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo multicêntrico, transversal e observacional em países ibero-americanos com uma amostra de 4.948 participantes, selecionados por meio de uma técnica de amostragem em bola de neve. O estudo teve início em 15 de março de 2020 e foi concluído em Agosto de 2020 por meio de um formulário online que incluiu perguntas sobre dados sociodemográficos e de saúde, além da avaliação do estado de saúde mental e características de atividade física. Resultados: As mulheres brasileiras com idade compreendida entre 18 e 29 anos que ficaram em casa mais de 19 horas por dia apresentaram um risco mais ele-vado para todos os problemas de saúde mental analisados neste estudo. Um baixo nível de atividade física durante o período de isolamento apresentou a maior probabilidade de risco de depressão em comparação com níveis mais elevados (OR = 1,317). Além disso, a utilização de um recurso não profissional para fazer atividade física foi um fator preditivo de estado de saúde mental adverso (OR Ansiedade = 1,396, OR Depressão = 1,452, e OR Estresse = 1,220). Conclusões: Um baixo nível de atividade física durante o período de isolamento está associado a maior prevalência de depressão, e a utilização de recursos profissionais para a atividade física pode ser um fator de pro-teção para os distúrbios de saúde menta (AU)