[Economic evaluation of deflexible ureteroscopy with laser]. / Evaluation économique de l'urétéroscopie souple laser.

PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to make an evaluation of the effective cost of a session of deflexible ureteroscopy with laser to cure kidney stones and kidney urothelials tumors. MATERIAL: This cost was calculated based on 103 sessions (83 kidney stones, 18 urothelials tumors, one cyst and one endopyelotomy) carried out on 73 patients and was including (1) staff expenses in the operation room (based on work time stated on the anesthesia sheet); (2) material expenses: technically specific or not. Reusable or single use; (3) amortisement of medical supply calculated on a seven year basis; (4) hospital stay. In this study medical logistic expenses and administrative expenses were not taken into account as well as structural expenses which were considered apart of this activity. RESULTS: Cost of a laser deflexible ureteroscopy was estimated by more or less 4237.3euro, including 1677.6euro for hospital charges. The cost of a session was 4490.5euro for a tumor and 4141.4euro for a stone, however the difference was not significant. Cost without hospital charges was estimated by 1196.5euro. CONCLUSION: The main part of a laser deflexible ureteroscopy session cost was the consequence of hospital expenses. It could only be obtained in a structure running a sufficient activity level depend on amortisement of medical supply.

Risk of cardio-respiratory abnormalities in preterm infants placed in car seats: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the factors that predispose to the occurrence and severity of cardio-respiratory symptoms during the placement of a prematurely born infant in a car seat. The impact of gestational age, weight at discharge and infant's pre-existing cardio-respiratory status (in the supine position) on cardio-respiratory function during pre-discharge testing in a car seat (semi-upright position) has not been investigated. METHODS: The cardio-respiratory function of 42 preterm neonates with gestational age 24 to 35 weeks and discharge weight 1790 to 2570 grams were monitored for 45 minutes before, during, and after placement in a car seat. The occurrence of periodic breathing, apnea, bradycardia, or decreased oxygen saturation (SaO2) was analyzed. RESULTS: Prior to the car seat testing, 15 (35.7%) infants displayed one or more abnormalities of cardio-respiratory function. During the car seat testing, 25 (59.6%) infants had periodic breathing, 33 (78.2%) had oxygen saturation <90%, 14 (33.3%) had bradycardia less than 80 beats per minute, and 35 (83.3%) had a combination of these symptoms. Infants, both with and without pre-existing cardio-respiratory abnormalities, had an almost equal probability (80% vs. 83.3%) for the development of cardio-respiratory symptoms during placement in the car seat. Weight at discharge ([less than or equal to] 2,000 grams) but not the gestational age (<28 weeks or [greater than or equal to] 28<37 weeks), was associated with either increased episodes of oxygen desaturation or the combination of cardio-respiratory symptoms that were seen during the placement of these infants in the car seat. Repositioning from the car seat to the supine position showed normalization of cardio-respiratory function in the majority (83%) of the tested infants. None of the tested clinical factors were associated with the severity of the cardio-respiratory symptoms. CONCLUSION: Pre-discharge testing of the cardio-respiratory function of preterm infants during placement in a car seat is important for the prevention of cardio-respiratory symptoms during their transportation. However, the high risk for developing cardio-respiratory symptoms will require the consideration of an alternative mode of safe home transportation for preterm infants; especially those with a discharge weight less than 2,000 grams.

[Demonstration of immune complexes in blood serum by laser nephelometry in a capillary cell]. / Mise en évidence dans le sérum sanguin des complexes immuns par néphélométrie laser sur colonne capillaire.

By means of an original method of laser nephelometry with a capillary cell, it is possible to detect the immune complexes in human sera. For instance, the detection of antigen and immune complex during the course of the whooping-cough allows a pathological study of the disease.