Nucleosides. LXV. Synthesis of new pteridine-N8-nucleosides.

A general synthetic approach to various isoxanthopterin-nucleosides starting from 6-methyl-2-methylthio-4(3H),7(8H)-pterdinedione (1) has been developed. Ribosylation with 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-beta-D-ribofuranose via the silyl-method led to 2 and reaction with 1-chloro-2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-p-toluoyl-alpha-D-ribofuranose using the DBU-method afforded 28. Protection of the amide function at O4 by benzylation to 5 and by a Mitsunobu reaction with 2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethanol to 29 gave soluble intermediates which can be oxidized to the corresponding 2-methylsulfonyl derivatives 8 and 30, respectively. Nucleophilic displacement reactions of the highly reactive 2-methylsulfonyl functions by various amines proceeded under mild conditions to isoxanthopterin-N8-ribo- (11-17) and 2'-deoxyribomucleosides (31-33). Debenzylation can be achieve by Pd-catalyzed hydrogenation (9 to 19) and cleavage of the npe-protecting group (31, 32 to 34, 35) works well with DBU by beta-elimination.

α(1-3)-Galactosyltransferase Inhibition Based on a New Type of Disubstrate Analogue.

How do retaining glycosyltransferases function? To answer this question, UDP-Gal and galactose were covalently linked to form disubstrate analogues 1, of which surprisingly 1ß and not 1α inhibited α(1-3)-galactosyltransferases very well. An understanding of this inhibition is a key to the pharmacological prevention of hyperacute rejection in pig to primate xenotransplantation.