RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is a neoplasm of the hematopoietic system characterized by a clonal expansion of abnormal lymphocyte precursor cells. ALL is the most common form of cancer in children, but despite advances in treatment, it can still be fatal. Ethnic differences influence survival rates, and genomic ancestry plays an important role, especially in mixed-race populations such as Latin America. This study aims to analyze the influence of genomic ancestry on toxicity in children with ALL in the Amazon region. METHODS: The study included 171 patients (protocol number 119,649/2012-Ethics Committee) with ALL treated at a pediatric treatment center in Belém do Pará, in the Brazilian Amazon. The patients were submitted to the BFM protocol of induction therapy for ALL. Toxicity was assessed based on laboratory tests and adverse events, classified according to the CTC-NCI guide. Genomic ancestry was determined using autosomal informative markers. RESULTS: The majority of children (94.74%) developed some type of toxicity during treatment, 87.04% of which were severe. Infectious toxicity was the most common, present in 84.8% of cases, 77.24% of which were severe. Amerindian ancestry showed an association with the risk of severe general toxicity and severe infectious toxicity, with a contribution of 35.0% demonstrating a significant increase in risk. In addition, post-induction refractoriness and relapse were also associated with an increased risk of death. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the influence of Amerindian genomic ancestry on response to therapy and toxicity in children with ALL in the Amazon region. Understanding these associations can contribute to personalizing treatment and improving clinical outcomes.
RESUMO
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o desempenho do Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) III e do Pediatric Index of Mortality (PIM) 2 em unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica. Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo. Os dados retrospectivos foram coletados dos prontuários de todos os pacientes admitidos na unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica de um hospital infantil oncológico, entre janeiro de 2017 a junho de 2018. Resultados: A média do PRISM III foi de 15 e do PIM 2 de 24%. Dos 338 pacientes estudados, 62 (18,34%) morreram. A mortalidade estimada pelo PRISM III foi de 79,52 (23,52%) e pelo PIM 2 de 80,19 (23,72%) pacientes, correspondendo a taxa padronizada de mortalidade (intervalo de confiança de 95%) de 0,78 para o PRISM II e 0,77 para o PIM 2. O teste de ajuste de Hosmer-Lemeshow obteve qui-quadrado de 11,56, 8df, com p = 0,975, para PRISM III, e qui-quadrado de 0,48, 8df, p = 0,999, para o PIM 2. Foi obtida área sob a curva Característica de Operação do Receptor de 0,71 para o PRISM III e 0,76 para o PIM 2. Conclusão: Os dois escores superestimaram a mortalidade e demonstraram poder regular de discriminação entre sobreviventes e não sobreviventes. Devem ser desenvolvidos modelos para quantificar a gravidade de pacientes pediátricos com câncer em unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica e predizer o risco de mortalidade que contemplem suas peculiaridades.
ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the performance of Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) III and Pediatric Index of Mortality (PIM) 2 scores in the pediatric intensive care unit. Methods: A retrospective cohort study. Data were retrospectively collected from medical records of all patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit of a cancer hospital from January 2017 to June 2018. Results: The mean PRISM III score was 15, and PIM 2, 24%. From the 338 studied patients, 62 (18.34%) died. The PRISM III estimated mortality was 79.52 patients (23.52%) and for PIM 2 80.19 patients (23.72%), corresponding to a standardized mortality ratio (95% confidence interval: 0.78 for PRISM II and 0.77 for PIM 2). The Hosmer-Lemeshow chi-square test was 11.56, 8df, 0.975 for PRISM II and 0.48, 8df, p = 0.999 for PIM 2. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve was 0.71 for PRISM III and 0.76 for PIM 2. Conclusion: Both scores overestimated mortality and have shown a regular ability to discriminate between survivors and non-survivors. Models should be developed to quantify the severity of cancer pediatric patients in Pediatric Intensive Care Units and to predict the mortality risk accounting for their peculiarities.