RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is becoming increasingly common among children and adolescents worldwide, including those in Hong Kong. This study analysed the characteristics and prevalence of microvascular complications among paediatric T2DM patients in Hong Kong at diagnosis and 2 years after diagnosis. METHODS: All patients aged <18 years who had been diagnosed with DM at public hospitals in Hong Kong were recruited into the Hong Kong Childhood Diabetes Registry. Data collected at diagnosis and 2 years after diagnosis were retrospectively retrieved from the Registry for patients diagnosed from 2014 to 2018. RESULTS: Median haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were 7.5% (n=203) at diagnosis and 6.5% (n=135) 2 years after diagnosis; 59.3% of patients achieved optimal glycaemic control (HbA1c level <7%) at 2 years. A higher HbA1c level at diagnosis was associated with worse glycaemic control at 2 years (correlation coefficient=0.39; P<0.001). The presence of dyslipidaemia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=3.19; P=0.033) and fatty liver (aOR=2.50; P=0.021) at 2 years were associated with suboptimal glycaemic control. Diabetic neuropathy and retinopathy were rare in our cohort, but 18.6% of patients developed microalbuminuria (MA) within 2 years after diagnosis. Patients with MA had a higher HbA1c level at 2 years (median: 7.2% vs 6.4%; P=0.037). Hypertension was a risk factor for MA at 2 years, independent of glycaemic control (aOR=4.61; P=0.008). CONCLUSION: These results highlight the importance of early diagnosis and holistic management (including co-morbidity management) for paediatric T2DM patients.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Hemoglobinas Glicadas , Controle Glicêmico , Sistema de Registros , Humanos , Hong Kong/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Estudos Retrospectivos , Angiopatias Diabéticas/epidemiologia , Angiopatias Diabéticas/diagnóstico , Prevalência , Glicemia/análise , Fatores de Risco , Pré-EscolarRESUMO
In 2016, meetings of groups of physicians and paediatricians with a special interest in lipid disorders and familial hypercholesterolaemia were held to discuss several domains of management of familial hypercholesterolaemia in adults and children in Hong Kong. After reviewing the evidence and guidelines for the diagnosis, screening, and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia, consensus was reached on the following aspects: clinical features, diagnostic criteria, screening in adults, screening in children, management in relation to target plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, detection of atherosclerosis, lifestyle and behaviour modification, and pharmacotherapy.
Assuntos
Anticolesterolemiantes/uso terapêutico , Hiperlipoproteinemia Tipo II/diagnóstico , Hiperlipoproteinemia Tipo II/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Criança , Consenso , Gerenciamento Clínico , Humanos , Guias de Prática Clínica como AssuntoRESUMO
A comparison is made of two techniques for recognizing numeric handprint characters using a variety of features including 2D fast Fourier transform coefficients, geometrical moments, and topological features. A backpropagation network and a nearest neighbor classifier are evaluated in terms of recognition performance and computational requirements. The results indicate that for complex problems, the neural network performs comparably to the nearest-neighbor classifier while being significantly more cost effective.
Assuntos
Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos da radiação , Mucosa Intestinal/efeitos da radiação , Animais , Radioisótopos de Césio , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Feminino , Raios gama , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Intestino Delgado/efeitos da radiação , Camundongos , Modelos Biológicos , Doses de Radiação , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The chromosomal locations of biotin regulatory mutations, birA, bioR, and dhbB, of Escherichia coli are determined by transduction using phage P1. All mutant genes are mapped between bfe and supM.