Quality of marital life in Korean patients with spondyloarthropathy.

The objectives of this study were to assess the quality of marital life (QML) in patients with spondyloarthropathy (SpA) in Korea and to identify possible gender differences in QML in patients with SpA. This was a case-control study at the outpatient unit of a tertiary care medical centre. Subjects were the patient group, composed of 47 married patients with SpA, and a comparison group composed of 47 healthy married adults with similar demographic characteristics. QML was measured using the Marital Satisfaction Inventory, Revised. As a result, QML was similar for both the male patients and the healthy men. However, the female patients had higher scores on the global distress scale (59.8 +/- 6.3 vs. 53.8 +/- 5.6, P=0.021) and the aggression scale (50.5 +/- 7.9 vs. 44.3 +/- 5.4, P=0.016) than the female comparison group. At the same time, the female patients demonstrated higher scores on the global distress scale (59.8 +/- 6.3 vs. 54.7 +/- 7.2, P=0.035) than the male patients. In conclusion, QML in Korean males with SpA was not greatly different from that of the male comparison group. However, QML in the female patients was characterised by higher global distress and a higher probability of aggression from their partner, but no significant sexual dissatisfaction.

Enzyme histochemical study of germanium dioxide-induced mitochondrial myopathy in rats.

The purpose of this study were 1) to determine the earliest pathological changes of germanium dioxide (GeO2)-induced myopathy; 2) to determine the pathomechanism of GeO2-induced myopathy; and 3) to determine the minimal dose of GeO2 to induce myopathy in rats. One hundred and twenty five male and female Sprague-Dawley rats, each weighing about 150 gm, were divided into seven groups according to daily doses of GeO2. Within each group, histopathological studies were done at 4, 8, 16, and 24 weeks of GeO2 administration. Characteristic mitochondrial myopathy was induced in the groups treated daily with 10 mg/kg of GeO2 or more. In conclusion, the results were as follows: 1) The earliest pathological change on electron microscope was the abnormalities of mitochondrial shape, size and increased number of mitochondria; 2) The earliest pathological change on light microscope was the presence of ragged red fibers which showed enhanced subsarcolemmal succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase reactivity; 3) GeO2 seemed to affect the mitochondrial oxidative metabolism of muscle fibers; 4) GeO2 could induce mitochondrial myopathy with 10 mg/kg of GeO2 for 4 weeks or less duration in rats.

Correlation of brain CT findings and developmental outcome in patients with spastic cerebral palsy.

Brain computed tomography (CT) is a useful tool for evaluating the pathologic findings in the brains of children with neurologic abnormalities. Brain CT investigation and the Münchner Funtionelle Entwicklungs Diagnostik (MFED) developmental assessment was performed in 88 patients with spastic cerebral palsy. The incidence of abnormal brain CT findings in patients with spastic cerebral palsy was 69.3%. The group with pathologic CT findings had a greater possibility of having developmental delay than the group with normal CT findings (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant relationship between the specific MFED categories and the types of brain CT abnormalities. Pathological CT findings could offer important prognostic information indicating a higher risk concerning the grade of developmental delay.

Psychological characteristics of mothers of children with disabilities.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychological characteristics of mothers of children with disabilities. This study was performed under the hypotheses that, at the initial diagnosis of the children's disabilities, (1) the mothers suffered from serious psychological distress; (2) the more severe the child's disability was, the more serious the mother's psychological distress was; and that (3) the mother's psychological distress might be resolved within 8 weeks of rehabilitational interventions. The results were as follows: 1) mothers of children with disabilities showed significant (p < 0.05) somatization, depression, anxiety, hostility, and phobic anxiety more so than the control group; 2) there was no significant difference in T scores of 9 dimensions of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revision (SCL-90-R) of the mothers at the initial diagnosis of children's disabilities according to severity of child's disability; 3) there was no significant difference in T scores of 9 dimensions of SCL-90-R in mothers of children with disabilities between at initial evaluation and after 8 weeks of rehabilitational interventions. In conclusion, : 1) mothers of children with disabilities suffered from serious psychological distress at the initial diagnosis of their child's disability; 2) the severity of the child's disability had little influence on the degree of the mother's initial psychological distress; 3) this distress did not resolve with only 8 weeks of rehabilitational interventions. Therefore, effective rehabilitational programs should provide sufficient opportunities for repeated follow-up interviews which offer not only adequate information on the children's disabilities but also psychological support for the mothers.

Effect of wheelchair ergometer training on spinal cord-injured paraplegics.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of wheelchair ergometer training on spinal cord-injured paraplegics. Eleven male paraplegics with a mean age of 30.9 years (range, 20 to 49 years) participated in the wheelchair ergometer training for the period of 5 weeks. The mean peak heart rate, the mean peak systolic blood pressure and the mean time required for 100m wheelchair propelling at resistance level 1 were significantly decreased at the end of 5 weeks of training as compared with those at pre-training. There was no statistically significant difference in pulmonary function test at pre- and post-training. The peak torque of shoulder flexor and the total work of shoulder flexor and extensor at 180 degrees/sec after training were increased more significantly than those prior to the training. In accordance with the findings as revealed above, it is deemed that the endurance and strength of the upper body and the cardiac fitness for spinal cord-injured paraplegics may be improved by the wheelchair ergometer exercise.

Hypertrophic neuropathy with complete conduction block-- hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type III.

Hypertrophic neuropathy is a non-specific consequence of repeated demyelination and remyelination, encountered in a wide range of inherited and acquired disorders. We report an 11-year-old boy with HMSN III, a kind of hypertrophic neuropathy, with clinical, electrophysiologic and pathologic data. The electrophysiologic studies show complete conduction block in the upper and lower extremities with severe abnormal spontaneous activities. The pathologic findings of sural nerve reveal prominent hypomyelination, onion bulb formation, and severe endoneurial collagenization. Complete conduction block with the preservation of fair to good grade muscle strength is an unusual finding in hypertrophic neuropathy and other peripheral neuropathies, in general.

Linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis with delayed psychomotor development.

We report a case of a 25-month-old girl presented to us for the evaluation of a severe delayed psychomotor development who also has pigmentary abnormalities. Linear and whorled hyperpigmentations following Blaschko's lines were noticed on her entire body except on her face, palms, soles, eyes and mucous membranes, which closely resembled those found in hypomelanosis of Ito, but inversely pigmented. Histologic examination revealed basal layer hyperpigmentation without incontinence of pigment or dermal melanophages. Chromosomal analysis of cultured peripheral leukocytes and fibroblasts from the hyperpigmented and the hypopigmented skin revealed normal female karyotype with no evidence of mosaicism or chimerism. This entity represents a kind of neurocutaneous syndrome-referred to by some authors as linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis.

A qualitative analysis of brain SPECT for prognostication of gross motor development in children with cerebral palsy.

PURPOSE: In this report, the authors assessed the clinical significance of decreased regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the thalamus or cerebellar hemispheres in relation to gross motor performance in the children with cerebral palsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (BSCP) underwent brain SPECT. Visual analysis was used for the brain SPECT interpretation. The rCBF in the thalamus or cerebellum was graded as normal, mildly decreased, or severely decreased. A marked decrease or near absence of rCBF in the thalamus or cerebellum was considered as severely decreased. RESULTS: All 36 children with BSCP had hypoperfusion in the thalamus or cerebellar hemispheres. Eight of 20 children (40%) with mildly decreased rCBF on brain SPECT had mild developmental delays. On the other hand, only 1 of 16 children (6.3%) with severe hypoperfusion in the thalamus or cerebellum had a mild developmental delay, and the remaining 15 of 16 children (93.8%) had severe developmental delays. There was good correlation between the degree of developmental delay and the severity of hypoperfusion in the thalamus or cerebellum (P = 0.023). CONCLUSION: The measurement of rCBF by Tc-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer brain SPECT appears to be valuable in prognostication of gross motor development in children with BSCP.

Clinical characteristics of children with mental retardation of unknown etiology in Korea.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of children with mental retardation (MR) of unknown etiology for early recognition and intervention. In this study, we defined children with MR of unknown etiology as those without clear etiologies for MR despite extensive evaluation and were not associated with pathological behavioral problems such as pervasive developmental disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The clinical characteristics of children with MR of unknown etiology were as follows. 1) MR of unknown etiology was 48.8% of all MR. 2) MR of unknown etiology was more common in males. 3) Delayed language development was a leading factor that made the parents of children with MR of unknown etiology seek help from physicians. However, most of the children with MR of unknown etiology showed a relatively uniform delay in several areas of development. 4) Most children with MR of unknown etiology were delayed walkers. 5) Most children with MR of unknown etiology were mild cases.

Quality of marital life in Korean spinal cord injured patients.

UNLABELLED: The purposes of this study were to assess the quality of marital life and to investigate the most serious problem in the marital relationships of Korean spinal cord injured patients. 30 spinal cord injured (SCI) couples (SCI husbands and their non-disabled wives) who were married prior to injury and 30 able-bodied (AB) couples participated in a questionnaire study. The quality of marital life was measured with three parameters: marital stability, marital adjustment, and marital satisfaction. The results were as follows: (1) The marriage of chronic SCI couples was not noticeably unstable when compared with that of AB couples; (2) There was no significant difference in dyadic adjustment and marital satisfaction between SCI couples and AB couples; (3) There was no significant difference in marital stability, marital adjustment, and marital satisfaction between SCI husbands and their wives; (4) SCI couples had more cohesive marital relationships and SCI husbands expressed less affection to their wives than AB husbands and (5) Sex was the most serious problem in marriages of SCI couples. IN CONCLUSION: (1) the quality of marital life in chronic SCI couples is not highly different from that of AB couples; (2) There is no significant difference in the quality of marital life between chronic SCI husbands and their non-disabled wives; and (3) It is considered necessary that rehabilitation program for SCI patients should include information on the altered physiology of sexual function of SCI patients and subsequent mutual adaptation to changed sexual function.

Fracture originated at the tip of heterotopic ossification of femur by minor external force: report of two cases.

Fracture of femur without evidence of severe osteoporosis rarely occurs as a result of minor external force such as a gentle passive or an active range of motion exercises. We report two cases of femoral shaft fracture occurred at the tip of heterotopic ossification of femur by a minor external force, in which the involved femur shows no evidence of remarkable osteoporosis. The possible mechanism inferred by authors is as follows: 1) heterotopic ossification limits range of motion of the hip joint; 2) a new lever arm is formed at the tip of heterotopic ossification where energy can be concentrated; 3) therefore, fractures develop even by a minor external force. Search for similar cases and further discussions on possible mechanisms and prevention of femoral fractures in patients with heterotopic ossification will be necessary.

A comparison of bowel care patterns in patients with spinal cord injury: upper motor neuron bowel vs lower motor neuron bowel.

STUDY DESIGN: A face-to-face interview survey. OBJECTIVE: To compare bowel care patterns in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients based on type of neurogenic bowel. SETTING: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation of a tertiary university hospital in Suwon, Korea. METHODS: Among chronic SCI patients, 22 patients with upper motor neuron bowel (UMNB) and 20 patients with lower motor neuron bowel (LMNB) participated in an interview survey for the evaluation of bowel care patterns. RESULTS: The patients with LMNB demonstrated increased frequency of defecation, increased frequency of fecal incontinence, increased use of oral medications for bowel care, increased required time for defecation and more diet modification than those with UMNB (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the subjective difficulty of bowel care. Among several available bowel care methods, suppositories were used most frequently by the UMNB group, whereas the Valsalva maneuver was the most frequently used method by the LMNB group. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with LMNB tend to suffer more difficulties in management of their neurogenic bowel than those with UMNB. Therefore, more intensive and aggressive bowel care programs should be provided for SCI patients with LMNB.