Unusual case of Hashimoto's encephalopathy and pseudo-obstruction in a patient with undiagnosed hypothyroidism: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: Hashimoto's encephalopathy is a relatively rare condition associated with an elevated concentration of circulating serum anti-thyroid antibodies, and is usually responsive to steroid therapy. However, hypothyroidism is a rare cause of pseudo-obstruction so here we present a case report of Hashimoto's encephalopathy with gut pseudo-obstruction in an undiagnosed hypothyroid patient. CASE PRESENTATION: A diagnosis of unknown aetiology of encephalopathy with gut dysmotility in an undiagnosed profound hypothyroidism case associated with cognitive decline and behavioural disorder was made in a 60-year-old Indian man. The associated clinical and laboratory features led to the final diagnosis of overt hypothyroidism with Hashimoto's encephalopathy with gut pseudo-obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: Hashimoto's encephalopathy is a rare disorder presenting with acute or sub acute encephalopathy of unknown aetiology so there are considerable chances of misdiagnosing it. The unusualness of this case is that since hypothyroidism is a rare cause of intestinal pseudo-obstruction, and presented concomitant with Hashimoto's encephalopathy, that itself is a rare entity. Intestinal pseudo-obstruction is a potentially serious complication that must be recognized and treated promptly with adequate thyroid hormone therapy.

Study of serum interleukin (IL) 18 and IL-6 levels in relation with the clinical disease severity in chronic idiopathic urticaria patients of Kashmir (North India).

BACKGROUND: Chronic urticaria is termed as idiopathic if there is an absence of any identifiable causes of mast cell and basophil degranulation. Various cytokines have been found to be involved in inflammatory processes associated with chronic idiopathic urticaria, including interleukin (IL) 18 and IL-6. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate any possible correlation of IL-18 and IL-6 cytokines with the clinical disease severity in chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). METHODS: IL-18 and IL-6 levels of CIU patients (n = 62) and healthy controls (n = 27) were assessed by commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kits following the manufacturer's protocols. RESULTS: Serum IL-18 concentration (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 62.95 ± 36.09 pg/mL) in CIU patients and in healthy controls (54.35 ± 18.45 pg/mL) showed no statistical significance (p > 0.05). No statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed between autologous serum skin test (ASST) positive and ASST negative patients with regard to the serum IL-18 levels either. Similarly, serum IL-6 concentration (0.82 ± 4.6 pg/mL) in CIU patients and in healthy controls (0.12 ± 1.7 pg/mL), showed no statistical significance (p > 0.05). Also, comparison between positive and ASST negative patients with regard to the serum IL-6 levels was statistically nonsignificant (p > 0.05). However, statistical significance was found both in IL-18 and IL-6 concentrations in certain grades with regard to the clinical disease severity of urticaria. CONCLUSION: There is no significant association as such found between IL-18 and IL-6 levels with CIU, however, these cytokines may help in predicting the clinical disease severity in CIU. Hence, these cytokines may indicate a potential role as a biomarker to assess the disease severity in CIU.

Posttransplant metabolic complications in living-related renal allograft recipients of Kashmir Valley.

OBJECTIVES: Renal transplant offers a definitive therapeutic modality for patients with end-stage renal disease; however, 50% to 70% of these patients have graft dysfunction after the transplant. Proactive prevention management of metabolic complications may reduce posttransplant morbidity and mortality in these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective and prospective review of 120 kidney transplant recipients during 5 years' follow-up was performed to analyze the incidence and status of the various metabolic complications after a renal transplant. RESULTS: In our study, postrenal transplant diabetes mellitus was seen in 9 of 120 patients (7.5%). The incidence of posttransplant diabetes mellitus was 5% in tacrolimus-treated patients (n=6) compared with 2.5% in cyclosporine-treated patients (n=3). Dyslipidemia, as hypercholesterolemia and hyper-triglyceridemia, was seen in 31 recipients (25.83%). Significant posttransplant hyperlipidemia was documented (P < .05). Further, it was noted that 25 patients who developed hyperlipidemia (20.83%) were taking cyclosporine-based therapy, while 6 were treated with tacrolimus-based therapy (5%; P < .05). However, most subjects with hyperlipidemia had renal graft dysfunction. Posttransplant erythrocytosis affected 9 renal transplant recipients (7.5%) with a mean (±SD) hematocrit of 41.3%±6.7%. A statistically significant correlation was seen between prerenal and postrenal transplant hematocrit by 12 months. Hyperparathyroidism was observed in 1 renal transplant patient (1.25%). CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of this study, we conclude that posttransplant diabetes mellitus occurred in 7.5% patients, hypercholesteremia and hyper-triglyceridemia occurred in 25.83% patients, posttransplant erythrocytosis affected 7.5% patients, and hyperparathyroidism occurred in 1 renal transplant patient (1.25%). Moreover, dyslipidemia, contributed to progressive graft dysfunction.

WITHDRAWN: Single nucleotide polymorphisms, haplotype association and tumour expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene with lung carcinoma.

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