Chylothorax treatment with thoracic duct embolization

The authors present a case of a patient with non-traumatic right-sided chylothorax which was successfully treated by thoracic duct embolization. The procedure was performed through the cisterna chyli which was visualised by intranodal lymphography. The coils and acrylic tissue glues were used for embolization. The patient has been followed for 5 months and is free of recurrence of chylothorax.

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm: First retrospective study in the Czech Republic.

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare hematologic malignancy with aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. We present the first retrospective analysis mapping its incidence and therapeutic outcomes in patients diagnosed and treated from 2000 to 2017 in the Czech Republic. The cohort comprised 14 patients (10 males, 4 females) with a median age at diagnosis of 39 years (range, 5-68 years). Initially, skin involvement was noted in 10 (71%) patients and bone marrow infiltration was present in 9 (64%). The first complete remission was achieved in 6/14 (43%) patients after acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma induction therapy and in 3/14 (21%) patients after acute myeloid leukemia regimen. Nine patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, with two patients achieving the first complete remission only after allogeneic transplantation. Patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation had longer overall survival than those treated without transplantation (the median survival over the period 16.4 vs. 8.1 months). Relapse of the disease was a significant predictor of mortality (p=0.05). Over the study period, patients' survival ranged from 3.3 to 44.2 months, with a median overall survival of 13 months. Our results revealed an effectivity of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation on complete remission achievement in refractory/relapsed disease. The study aimed to present the actual data from the Czech Republic and thus contribute to a global understanding of BPDCN.

Reduction of Thymoglobuline from 7.5 mg/kg to 6 mg/kg in conditioning regimen extended time to the first cytomegalovirus detection after allogenic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

INTRODUCTION: The optimal dosage of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) may influence the outcome of patients after allogenic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The aim of our study was to analyse human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection data, incidence of graft-versus-host disease and other clinical endpoints comparing two patients cohorts that were administered two different Thymoglobuline Genzyme doses as part of the HSCT conditioning regimen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total of 65 adult patients received ATG (7.5 mg/kg or 6 mg/kg) as a part of the fludarabine/busulfan/ATG conditioning regimen. CMV DNAemia was monitored after HSCT using quantitative real-time PCR and preemptive treatment was started for viral loads above 1000 cp/ml. RESULTS: The mild ATG dose reduction extended the time to the first CMV detection after transplantation (28 days for 7.5 mg/kg dose vs. 40 days for 6 mg/kg dose, p = 0.04). But it did not reduce the incidence or influence first anti-CMV treatment onset, the initial viral load, peak viral load in whole blood or the antiviral therapy parameters (all p 0.18). No impact of ATG dose reduction on incidence of graft-versus-host-disease, relapse of underlying disease or mortality within first year after transplantation (all p 0.32) were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The reduced ATG dosages can allow lower toxicity of conditioning regimen while keeping the performance.

Apheresis data registration in WWA registry-10-year experience of our center.

INTRODUCTION: The WAA Registry allows detailed registration of hemapheresis data. Our center registers results there as well. We summarize our results as compared to those of the WAA Registry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hemapheresis results are registered in the WAA Registry in Umea, Sweden. The patients' identity is protected by coding. General data (age, gender, weight, procedure, technique used etc.) or special data (occurrence and type of adverse reactions, health condition, quality of life etc.) are completed in a pre-defined form. RESULTS: In 2006-2016, we registered 7,927 hemaphereses in 956 patients in the WAA Registry; 40.4% in men and 59.6% in women aged 53±15years. There were mostly no significant differences in the individual interventions between our center and the WAA Registry; only the share of cascade filtrations/rheophereses is quite different (9 times higher in our center - 18.2% of interventions as compared to 2.1% in the WAA Registry). The share of photophereses (32.1%) is relatively high - due to cooperation with the bone marrow transplantations department. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In regular quality assessment, one center usually does not have enough data and experience with some diseases or interventions; therefore, comparison with the WAA Registry results is valuable not only for the quality of interventions but also for side effect prevention. On the other hand, the advantage is that every center has its unique code and may work quite independently (quick and independent non-competitive assessments). Five-minute duration of registration is advantageous in a time-demanding work; moreover, the registration is free.

Age-related adaptive responses of mitochondria of the retinal pigment epithelium to the everyday blue LED lighting.

The effect of everyday blue light (λ = 440-460 nm) on mitochondria of the retinal pigment epithelium of different age groups of Japanese quail was studied using electron microscopy, morphometric methods, and biochemical analysis. We have found a significant increase in the number of mitochondria, including those modified, mainly in young birds. In addition, cell metabolic activity increased in response to blue lighting. These changes are assumed to reflect an adaptive response of mitochondria aimed at neutralizing the phototoxic effect of blue light caused by accumulation of lipofuscin granules.

Photoinduced changes in subcellular structures of the retinal pigment epithelium from the Japanese quail Coturnix japonica.

Fifteen-week-old sexually mature female Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) grown under various lighting conditions were used in the study. It was found that the number of mitochondria and phagosomes was increased by 1.5-fold in the retinal pigment epithelium from birds reared for 95 days under blue light (440-470 nm) vs. reduced blue light component conditions. Also, it was found that egg production was increased by 15% in birds reared under blue light compared to other lightning conditions. Thus, we concluded that blue light conditions resulted in elevating metabolic activity and accelerating pace of life in Japanese quails. It is assumed that the blue light-induced effects are probably due to inhibition of melatonin synthesis.

[Ganciclovir treatment failure in adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with cytomegalovirus infection--a single centre experience]. / Klinická rezistence lidského cytomegaloviru pri lécbe gancyklovirem u pacientu po alogenní transplantaci hematopoetických bunek--zkusenosti jednoho centra.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of infection with ganciclovir-resistant cytomegalovirus (CMV) in adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Clinical resistance or treatment failure was defined as persistent DNAemia or increasing viral load in peripheral blood after 2 weeks of virostatic treatment. The association between the treatment failure and viral resistance was analysed. The presence of ganciclovir-resistant CMV strains was confirmed by genotypic testing able to detect mutations conferring resistance. METHODS: In 2012 and 2014, 40 patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT for hematologic malignancies and were treated for human CMV reactivation/disease were followed up prospectively. In patients with treatment failure, CMV DNA was isolated and analysed by nucleotide sequence analysis of the UL 97 and UL 54 genes conferring resistance to the virostatic agent. RESULTS: The treatment failure occurred in seven patients, but ganciclovir resistance conferring mutations were only detected in two of them (mutations L595F and M460I in the UL 97 gene). Another mutation in the UL 97 gene (N510S) was found in a patient with recurrent CMV replication who needed to be retreated but did not meet the criteria for treatment failure. CONCLUSION: The low incidence of genetically confirmed ganciclovir-resistant CMV isolates in HSCT recipients with relatively common clinical treatment failure suggests that the mechanism underlying slower viral clearance is often other than mutations conferring ganciclovir resistance to the virus.

Prognostic relevance of angiopoietin-2, fibroblast growth factor-2 and endoglin mRNA expressions in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Elevated levels of circulating angiogenic cytokines and increased expression of genes encoding angiogenic factors have been reported in recent years in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) but data regarding prognostic and predictive significance are still limited. Therefore, in the present study based upon our prior pilot results, we measured mRNA expressions of angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and endoglin (CD105) by reverse transcription quantitative PCR in purified CD19+ cells from 70 untreated CLL patients (median age, 63 years; males, 64%; Rai III/IV stages, 29 %; unmutated IgVH genes, 60 %) and evaluated their possible association with established prognostic factors and clinical course of the disease. Higher expression of Ang-2 was significantly associated with unmutated IgVH genes (n = 55, p = 0.003). Higher CD105 expression was significantly associated with unmutated IgVH genes (n = 55, p < 0.001), high CD38 expression (n = 66, p = 0.022), high ZAP-70 expression (n = 66, p = 0.010), Rai stage I-IV (n = 70, p < 0.001), progressive clinical course of CLL (n = 70, p = 0.001) and shorter time to treatment (n = 70; p < 0.001). Expression of FGF-2 was not significantly associated with any of the prognostic markers. These results indicate that elevated expression of Ang-2 and in particular CD105 by CLL cells is associated with unfavorable prognostic features and clinical outcome; thus, both cytokines appear to play an important role in biology and progression of CLL and warrant further investigation.

The outcome of allogeneic HSCT in older AML patients is determined by disease biology and not by the donor type: an analysis of 96 allografted AML patients ≥ 50 years from the Czech acute leukaemia clinical register (alert).

Older patients with AML have poor prognosis after chemotherapy and allo-SCT was historically limited to the young patients. In the multicentre retrospective study we analyzed 96 consecutive AML patients ≥ 50 years allografted with related (n=59) or unrelated (n=37) donor. The 2- year OS and DFS rates were 45 % and 42 % for the whole group. The corresponding figures for related patients were 48% and 42% whereas for unrelated 42% and 42%, respectively (OS p=0,721, DFS p= 0,896). The cumulative incidences of relapse (28% of all patients) and NRM mortality (26%) were low with no significant differences among related and unrelated cohorts. Multivariate analysis revealed the only major independent variables associated with an inferior OS were unfavourable cytogenetics (RR 3.36; CI 1.66-6.83; p=0.001) and advanced disease status (RR 2.30; CI 1.21-4.37; p=0.011). Unfavourable cytogenetics (RR 3.00; CI 1.50-5.99; p=0.002) and advanced disease at SCT (RR 2.27; CI 1.22-4.22; p=0.009) were also the only independent variables associated with inferior DFS. In conclusion, our analysis indicates that outcomes of allografted AML patients aged ≥ 50 years are determined by cytogenetic risk category and disease status at transplantation and not by the type of donor.

[Assessment of selected markers of apoptosis and angiogenesis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia]. / Hodnocení vybraných ukazatelu apoptózy a angiogeneze u chronické lymfocytární leukemie.

INTRODUCTION: Search for new prognostic markers in order to improve prognostic accuracy and predict clinical outcome at the time of dia-gnosis has recently become one of the major trends in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). PATIENTS AND METHODS, AIM OF STUDY: The aim of our study was assessment of selected markers of apoptosis and angiogenesis and their potential as new prognostic factors. We evaluated serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and transforming growth factor ß 1 (TGFß1) using commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; furthermore, we quantified expression of type II receptor for transforming growth factor beta (TGFßRII) and type 2 receptor for fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGFR2) on CLL cells using flow cytometry analysis in 75 previously untreated patients with CLL (47 males and 28 females, median age, 65 years, range 38- 82) and healthy donors. RESULTS: We found significantly elevated TNFα in patients with CLL compared to the control group (p < 0.0001); high expression of TNFα was associated with unfavourable prognosis: significantly higher concentrations were found in patients with Rai highrisk group compared to low and intermediate-risk group (p = 0.0008 and p = 0.0097), with high serum ß2- microglobulin (p = 0.045), massive lymphadenopathy (p = 0.0083), unmutated genes for variable region of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgVH) (p = 0.041) and unfavourable cytogenetic aberrations (p = 0.0014). In addition, patients with progressive CLL had significantly higher TNFα than those with stable clinical course (p = 0.0009); time to treatment was significantly shorter in patients with higher TNFα (p = 0.0049). Higher TGFß1 concentrations were associated with favourable subgroups: with Rai low  risk group compared to high risk group (p = 0.011), patients without massive lymphadenopathy (p = 0.041), patients with mutated IgVH (p = 0.012) and ZAP 70 negativity (zeta associated protein of 70 kilodaltons) (p = 0.044). Patients with progressive CLL had significantly lower TGFß1 levels than those with stable course (p = 0.0014) and time to treatment was significantly longer in patients with higher TGFß1 (p = 0.016). Patients with Rai high risk group had significantly lower TGFßRII expression than those with low  risk group (p = 0.022). The prognostic significance of FGFR2 was not found. Significant and independent prognostic factors for overall survival were high serum concentrations of TNFα and massive lymphadenopathy (p = 0.036, resp. p = 0.047). CONCLUSION: Based on our results, TNFα and TGFß1 possess prognostic significance in CLL; further research in this direction may also be important therapeutically, because these signal pathways could serve as possible treatment targets.

[Our experience with the treatment of primary lymphomas of the central nervous system]. / Nase zkusenosti s lécbou primárních lymfomu centrálního nervového systému.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to assess treatment efficiency, overall survival (OS) and identify risk factors with the influence on patients prognosis in patients with primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) who were treated with intensive chemotherapy based on high-dose methotrexate and cytosin-arabinoside followed by whole-brain radiotherapy (MPV regimen). PATIENTS AND METHODS: From January 1998 to February 2011, 39 patients with PCNSL were diagnosed on our department. The median from the first clinical symptomatology to histological diagnosis was 4 weeks (range, 2-19). Thirty-seven patients were treated with MPV regimen. RESULTS: The therapeutic response was evaluated in 35 patients (2 patients died early during treatment). The overall response/complete remission rate was 63/60%. At the time of analysis (november 2011), the median of follow-up was 16,5 months; 31 patients died (the most often causes of death were poor treatment effect and treatment complications). The 2-year OS was 30% and median PFS and OS were 9 and 12 months. Patients with WHO performance status 0-1 and those with normal serum lactate dehydrogenase serum had significantly longer OS (p = 0.0495 and p = 0.0232). CONCLUSION: The treatment results of our patients appear to be inferior than data from literature. The reason is probably high occurrence of negative prognostic factors. Early diagnosis and intensive treatment are crucial for improvement of prognosis.

[Prognostic markers in chronic lymphocytic leukemia]. / Prognostické faktory u chronické lymfocytární leukemie.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is the most common leukemia type in Western countries. Even incidence of chronic lymphocytic leukemia is high, this disease remained beyond interest for a very long time. However, in the last few years the view of this disease fundamentally changed and due to intensive study, new knowledge especially on pathogenesis, prognostic factors and therapy based on intensive therapeutic procedures were made. Today we know that usage of classical prognostic factors is insufficient for prognosis evaluation in the individuals. However modern (IgVH mutation status, cytogenetic abberations) and new markers (LPL/ADAM29 ratio, microRNA, markers of angiogenesis etc) have potential to distinguish patients in early stages to groups with significantly different prognosis and predict clinical course of the disease.

Evaluation of serum levels of selected cytokine receptors in adult B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia and their association with prognostic factors and survival.

AIM: To evaluate serum levels of selected cytokine receptors in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and their association with acknowledged prognostic factors, relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 42 de novo adult B-ALL patients, 19 BCR/ABL positive, were included in this study. Soluble receptor α for IL-2 (sIL-2Rα), soluble receptor for IL-6 (sIL-6R), soluble receptor for TNF-α type I and II (sTNFR-1, sTNFR-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were measured by biochip array technology at diagnosis and in complete remission (CR). RESULTS: At diagnosis of B-ALL, we found significantly higher levels of sIL-2Rα, sIL-6R, sTNFR-1, sTNFR-2 and significantly lower levels MMP-9 in comparison with CR (p < 0.001 in all cases). BCR/ABL positive patients had higher levels of sIL-2Rα at diagnosis (r = 0.484; p = 0.014). Serum levels of evaluated cytokines were not associated with achievement of CR after one cycle of induction therapy, RFS or OS. CONCLUSION: Serum levels of all evaluated cytokines are significantly altered in newly diagnosed B-ALL reflecting activity of the disease. No significant correlations with response to first induction therapy, RFS or OS were found. Further studies with a longer follow-up will be needed.

Prognostic factors affecting the outcome after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for myelodysplastic syndrome.

In the present study, we retrospectively analysed the results of HSCT in 47 consecutive patients with MDS diagnosed at our department between 2002 and 2019, with a focus on possible predictive factors influencing overall survival (OS), the development of relapse, infections, and the occurrence of graft versus host disease (GvHD). In a univariate analysis, the pre-transplantation value of blasts in the marrow < 5% (p = 0.006), the revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) (p = 0.041), and karyotype (p = 0.009) were predictive of OS. Neither the elevation of serum ferritin (> 1000 ug/ml) nor increased C-reactive protein (CRP) (> 5 mg/l) was associated with shorter OS. In contrast, elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (> 213 U/l) was associated with shorter OS (p = 0.04).

Prognostic factors and treatment outcome in 1,516 adult patients with de novo and secondary acute myeloid leukemia in 1999-2009 in 5 hematology intensive care centers in the Czech Republic.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a severe condition with a high mortality. When making decisions about the optimal tailor-made therapy, numerous prognostic factors are considered. The study represents a detailed analysis of the role of these factors and treatment outcomes based on a long-term follow-up of patients treated in 5 hematology intensive care centers in the Czech Republic.The studied group comprised 1,188 patients with de novo AML and 328 patients with secondary AML. The latter were significantly older, had more unfavorable cytogenetic changes and less frequently received curative therapy. Curatively treated patients achieved fewer complete remissions and relapsed more often than those with de novo AML. Patients with secondary AML had lower rates of allogeneic transplantation as part of consolidation therapy and a significantly shorter median overall survival. A lower proportion of the patients were alive at the time of analysis. However, the treatment outcome of de novo AML patients is not satisfactory, the only exception being those with acute promyelocytic leukemia. The analysis, which did not evaluate the intention-to-treat criteria and was without randomization, found allogeneic stem cell transplantation to be the most effective modality of consolidation therapy in both groups of patients. .

[Primary central nervous system lymphomas]. / Primární lymfomy tentrálního nervového systému.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare form of extranodal lymphoma (nearly always non-Hodgkin's) and accounts for approximately 3 to 4% of primary brain tumors. PCNSL typically affects patients older than 60 years. Clinical features are variable and reflect the location of central nervous system lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging and stereotactic biopsy are the most important tools for diagnostic assessment. Chemotherapy based on high-dose of methotrexate (HD-MTX) and whole brain radiotherapy are the cornerstones of treatment. Radiotherapy is usually omitted in individuals older than 60 years because of high risk of unacceptable delayed neurotoxicity. Treatment of PCNSL should be started as soon as possible after diagnosis because delay in treatment may shorten the patients' survival.

[Treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia according to GMALL 07/2003 study protocol in the Czech Republic - the first experience]. / Lécba dospelých pacientu s akutní lymfoblastickou leukemií dle protokolu GMALL 07/2003 a její výsledky--první zkusenosti v Ceské republice.

INTRODUCTION: We present two years' experience in the treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) according to the German GMALL 07/2003 study protocol at CELL (Czech leukemia study group--for life) hematological centers in the Czech Republic. METHODS: A total number of 37 patients were included in this analysis. We evaluated complete remission and molecular remission rate, incidence of relapse, patients' status at the end of the follow-up period, incidence of chemotherapy-related adverse events and causes of death. A statistical analysis of risk factors affecting survival was carried out. RESULTS: Complete remission was achieved in 36 (97%) patients and molecular remission in 16 (62%) of 26 evaluable patients. Disease relapse occurred in 5 (14%) patients. At the end of the follow-up period with a median of 261 days, 28 (76%) patients were alive in complete remission, one (3%) with relapsed disease and 8 (22%) dead. Treatment toxicity resulted in death in 5 cases, relapse or progression of ALL in 3 patients. Adverse events most often followed consolidation I, induction phase I, consolidation II and induction phase II. Infectious complications in the context of febrile neutropenia, GIT mucositis and side effects of PEG-asparaginase were the most common adverse events observed. The toxicity of allogeneic transplantation was not unexpected, four (25%) patients died after transplantation. Two-year progression-free and overall survival were 66% and 70%, respectively. High risk ALL, age over 35 years, CNS infiltration, disease relapse and permanent minimal residual disease were identified as the major adverse prognostic risk factors. Practical experiences and possible pitfalls of the protocol are described in the discussion. CONCLUSION: Our initial impression is promising. The treatment is feasible, the results very good and the toxicity acceptable. Patients at high risk should be headed to allogeneic transplantation, since the results ofconsolidation chemotherapy alone are very poor in this group. We believe that this study protocol could become a standard adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment in the Czech Republic.

BAL fluid analysis in the identification of infectious agents in patients with hematological malignancies and pulmonary infiltrates.

The present study aims to evaluate the diagnostic yield of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in patients with hematological malignancies and describe the most common pathogens detected in BAL fluid (BALF.) An analysis of 480 BALF samples was performed in patients with hematological malignancies over a period of 7 years. The results of culture methods, PCR, and immunoenzymatic sandwich microplate assays for Aspergillus galactomannan (GM) in BALF were analyzed. Further, the diagnostic thresholds for Aspergillus GM and Pneumocystis jiroveci were also calculated. Microbiological findings were present in 87% of BALF samples. Possible infectious pathogens were detected in 55% of cases; 32% were classified as colonizing. No significant difference in diagnostic yield or pathogen spectrum was found between non-neutropenic and neutropenic patients. There was one significant difference in BALF findings among intensive care units (ICU) versus non-ICU patients for Aspergillus spp. (22% versus 9%, p = 0.03). The most common pathogens were Aspergillus spp. (n = 86, 33% of BAL with causative pathogens) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 46, 18%); polymicrobial etiology was documented in 20% of cases. A quantitative PCR value of > 1860 cp/mL for Pneumocystis jirovecii was set as a diagnostic threshold for pneumocystis pneumonia. The absorbance index of GM in BALF of 0.5 was set as a diagnostic threshold for aspergillosis. The examination of BAL fluid revealed the presence of pathogen in more than 50% of cases and is, therefore, highly useful in this regard when concerning pulmonary infiltrates.

The results of allogeneic transplants in patients with malignant lymphoma-a retrospective analysis of data from the Czech National Registry.

We processed data of 79 patients (pts) with malignant lymphoma from the National Registry of haematopoietic stem cell transplants conducted between 1997 and 2006. The haematopoietic stem cell donor in 48 pts was an HLA matched relative, and in 30 pts an unrelated volunteer. Sixty (77%) pts were transplanted with reduced intensity conditioning (RIC), eleven (23%) pts with myeloablative conditioning (MC). Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) was recorded in 26 (33%) pts. Chronic GVHD was diagnosed in 19 (36%) of the 53 assessable pts. Transplant-related mortality (TRM) in the first 100 days, 1 year and 3 years for the whole group was 26%, 33% and 33%. Twenty (26%) of the pts relapsed. During the median follow-up of 26 months the overall survival (OS) was 44%, the progression free survival (PFS) was 54% and cumulative incidence of relapse was 45%. Pts with chemoresistant disease had significantly worse results (OS at 3 years 22% vs. 56%, p=0.002). We did not find any correlation between the incidence of GVHD and the frequency of relapse. Similarly, we did not observe any difference in survival between patients following MC vs. RIC. Survival of pts transplanted from related donors did not differ statistically from unrelated donors. Key words: Lymphoma, allogeneic, transplantation, GVHD.

[Specification of reflectometric measurement complex to evaluate optic density of macular pigments and concentration of phototoxic chemicals in retina].

Suggestion is to specify reflectometric measurement complex based on digital multisensor imaginery fundus-camera, in order to evaluate optic density of macular pigments and concentration of phototoxic chemicals in human retina. The authors presented a review of role played by macular pigments (zeaxanthine and lutein) in human eye viability, analyzed yellow spot as a protective light filter against harmful effects of short-wave light, increasing optic image quality in human eye and responsible for colour vision. Role of evaluating the individual density of macular pigments was stressed as a forecasting efficient criterion of occupational selection in operators performing visual tasks of detection, distance and dimensions measurement for remote objects, monitoring the changeable circumstances.