Retrieval of a fractured implant abutment screw using a microtube extraction device: A dental technique.

Abutment screw fracture is a mechanical complication associated with the failure of dental implant-supported restorations. Retrieval of fractured abutment screws without damaging the internal surface of implants is challenging and can be time-consuming. Microtube extraction devices are used to remove separated endodontic instruments. This article presents a conservative method of retrieving a fractured implant abutment screw using a microtube device.

Single-cell transcriptome dissecting the microenvironment remodeled by PD1 blockade combined with photodynamic therapy in a mouse model of oral carcinogenesis.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) stands as a predominant and perilous malignant neoplasm globally, with the majority of cases originating from oral potential malignant disorders (OPMDs). Despite this, effective strategies to impede the progression of OPMDs to OSCC remain elusive. In this study, we established mouse models of oral carcinogenesis via 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide induction, mirroring the sequential transformation from normal oral mucosa to OPMDs, culminating in OSCC development. By intervening during the OPMDs stage, we observed that combining PD1 blockade with photodynamic therapy (PDT) significantly mitigated oral carcinogenesis progression. Single-cell transcriptomic sequencing unveiled microenvironmental dysregulation occurring predominantly from OPMDs to OSCC stages, fostering a tumor-promoting milieu characterized by increased Treg proportion, heightened S100A8 expression, and decreased Fib_Igfbp5 (a specific fibroblast subtype) proportion, among others. Notably, intervening with PD1 blockade and PDT during the OPMDs stage hindered the formation of the tumor-promoting microenvironment, resulting in decreased Treg proportion, reduced S100A8 expression, and increased Fib_Igfbp5 proportion. Moreover, combination therapy elicited a more robust treatment-associated immune response compared with monotherapy. In essence, our findings present a novel strategy for curtailing the progression of oral carcinogenesis.

Modelling oil trajectories and potentially contaminated areas from the Sanchi oil spill.

Oil spills are major threats to marine ecosystems. Here, we establish a three-dimensional oil spill model to simulate and project the short- and long-term trajectories of oil slicks and oil-contaminated water that leaked from the Sanchi wreckage. The pollution probability in surrounding areas for the period up to 180 days after the Sanchi sank is statistically analysed. The short-term simulations are consistent with synchronous SAR images and observational reports. The potentially polluted areas depend on the properties of the released oil. The coastal areas most likely to be affected by the bunker oil are located in the Ryukyu Island Chain, Tsushima Strait, on the south and east coasts of Japan. Approximately 50% to 70% of oil particles remain in the ocean and mainly expand along the Ryukyu Island Chain and the region southeast of the Sanchi wreck. Subsurface oil-contaminated water is likely to enter the Sea of Japan along the Tsushima Strait. Due to the rapid evaporation rate of condensate oil, the potentially polluted area is confined to regions within a 100 × 100 km area around the location of the shipwreck, and the contaminated region is closely associated with the surface wind.

Wnt signaling in bone metastasis: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.

Bone metastasis frequently occurs in advanced cancer patients, who will develop osteogenic/osteolytic bone lesions in the late stage of the disease. Wnt signaling pathway, which is mainly grouped into the ß-catenin dependent pathway and ß-catenin independent pathway, is a well-organized cascade that has been reported to play important roles in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions, including bone metastasis. Regulation of Wnt signaling in bone metastasis involves multiple stages, including dissemination of primary tumor cells to bone, dormancy and outgrowth of metastatic tumor cells, and tumor-induced osteogenic and osteolytic bone destruction, suggesting the importance of Wnt signaling in bone metastasis pathology. In this review, we will introduce the involvement of Wnt signaling components in specific bone metastasis stages and summarize the promising Wnt modulators that have shown potential as bone metastasis therapeutics, in the hope to maximize the therapeutic opportunities of Wnt signaling for bone metastasis.