Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Promotes Human Uterine Leiomyoma Cell Proliferation via PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway.

The present research aimed to evaluate the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in uterine leiomyoma, and explore its relationship with the occurrence and development of uterine leiomyoma and potential signal pathways. qRT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used for estimating the levels of IGF-1 in human uterine leiomyoma compared to myometrium. The expression of cell proliferation and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins in uterine leiomyoma cells was evaluated by western blot. Cell viability analysis was performed by CCK-8 assay. Lentivirus infection was used for IGF-1 overexpression and knockdown in uterine leiomyoma cells. The IGF-1 expression level was elevated in human uterine leiomyomas compared to myometrium. IGF-1 promoted the cell viability of human uterine leiomyoma cells. Overexpression of IGF-1 induced the expression of pro-proliferation markers including c-Myc, PCNA, and cyclin D1 in uterine leiomyoma cells. IGF-1 elevated the phosphorylation levels of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR, thus modifying PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in uterine leiomyoma cells. IGF-1 promotes proliferation of human uterine leiomyoma cells via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Adalimumab combined with erythropoietin improves recovery from spinal cord injury by suppressing microglial M1 polarization-mediated neural inflammation and apoptosis.

OBJECTIVE: Adalimumab (ADM), a humanized antibody against tumour necrosis factor (TNF), is widely applied in treating inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, but its usage in spinal cord injury (SCI) is rarely reported. Hence, this study aimed to explore the effect of ADM with or without erythropoietin (EPO) on microglial polarization, neuroinflammation, neural apoptosis, and functional recovery in SCI. METHODS: Primary microglia were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and then treated with ADM, EPO, or ADM combined with EPO. Then, primary neurons were incubated in the microglial culture medium. SCI rats were established and then treated with ADM, EPO or ADM combined with EPO. RESULTS: ADM suppressed LPS-induced microglial M1 polarization, as reflected by downregulated iNOS and CD86 expression, and neuroinflammation, as reflected by decreased TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6 expression, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, ADM inhibited microglia-induced neural apoptosis, as reflected by TUNEL assay results and the expression of apoptotic markers (C-Caspase3 and Bcl2), in a dose-dependent manner. EPO monotherapy displayed an effect similar to that of ADM monotherapy. Furthermore, ADM combined with EPO therapy exhibited greater effects than either monotherapy in terms of inhibiting microglial M1 polarization, neuroinflammation, and neural apoptosis. In vivo experiments confirmed the findings of the in vitro experiments and showed that ADM combined with EPO improved SCI functional recovery and neural injury compared with monotherapy. CONCLUSION: ADM combined with EPO improves recovery from SCI by suppressing microglial M1 polarization-mediated neural inflammation and apoptosis.

circRNA circRIMS Downregulates miR-505 through Methylation to Suppress Cell Proliferation in Endometrial Cancer.

It is known that the circular RNA (circRNA) molecule circRIMS is overexpressed in gastric cancer and plays an oncogenic role. However, its role in other cancers is unknown. In this study, we analyzed its role in endometrial cancer (EC). EC and paired non-tumor tissue samples were collected from a total of 63 EC patients and subjected to total RNA isolations and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to analyze the differential expression of circRIMS and miR-505. Overexpression of circRIMS and miR-505 was reached in EC cells and their interaction was analyzed using RT-qPCRs. The role of circRIMS in regulating miR-505 methylation was analyzed by methylation-specific RT-qPCR. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay was performed to analyze the roles of circRIMS and miR-505 in regulating cell proliferation. circRIMS was upregulated in EC, while miR-505 was downregulated in EC. circRIMS and miR-505 were inversely correlated across both EC and non-tumor tissues. In EC cells, circRIMS overexpression decreased miR-505 expression and increased miR-505 gene methylation. BrdU assay showed that circRIMS overexpression increased cell proliferation and reduced the inhibitory effects of miR-505 overexpression on cell proliferation. circRIMS may downregulate miR-505 through methylation to increase cell proliferation.

Enhanced Anti-Tumor Effect of Folate-Targeted FA-AMA-hyd-DOX Conjugate in a Xenograft Model of Human Breast Cancer.

Folate-aminocaproic acid-doxorubicin (FA-AMA-hyd-DOX) was firstly synthesized by our group. It was indicated that FA-AMA-hyd-DOX was pH-responsive, and had strong cytotoxicity on a folate receptor overexpressing cell line (KB cells) in vitro. The aim of our study was to further explore the potential use of FA-AMA-hyd-DOX as a new therapeutic drug for breast cancer. The cellular uptake and the antiproliferative activity of the FA-AMA-hyd-DOX in MDA-MB-231 cells were measured. Compared with DOX, FA-AMA-hyd-DOX exhibited higher targeting ability and cytotoxicity to FR-positive tumor cells. Subsequently, the tissue distribution of FA-AMA-hyd-DOX was studied, and the result confirmed that DOX modified by FA can effectively increase the selectivity of drugs in vivo. After determining the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of FA-AMA-hyd-DOX in MDA-MB-231 tumor-bearing nude mice, the antitumor effects and the in vivo safety of FA-AMA-hyd-DOX were systematically evaluated. The data showed that FA-AMA-hyd-DOX could effectively increase the dose of DOX tolerated by tumor-bearing nude mice and significantly inhibit MDA-MB-231 tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, FA-AMA-hyd-DOX treatment resulted in almost no obvious damage to the mice. All the positive data suggest that FA-targeted FA-AMA-hyd-DOX is a promising tumor-targeted compound for breast cancer therapy.

Potential prognostic value of delta-like protein 3 in small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Current researches have revealed that delta-like protein 3 (DLL3) may be related with prognosis in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, this finding remains controversial in small cell lung cancer. This meta-analysis was systematically performed to evaluate the prognostic value of DLL3 in SCLC. METHODS: The PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were retrieved to collect the eligible references. Through Stata 15.0 software, we pooled hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) by using random or fixed-effects models to evaluate the association between DLL3 and SCLC survival results. RESULTS: A total of 6 inter-related studies including 645 patients were qualified. After we removed 1 study, the remaining 5 studies including 601 patients were pooled to testify that high expression of DLL3 was an inferior prognostic for patients with SCLC in Asian populations (HR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.05, 1.69; I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.000). The pooled results showed that DLL3 might be higher expression in advanced metastasis SCLC in Asian populations (RR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.71, 0.99; I2 = 44.7%, p = 0.039). But the expression of DLL3 was not correlated with sex (RR = 1.33, 95% CI = 0.98, 1.80; I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.064), smoking history (RR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.58, 1.75; I2 = 72.1%, p = 0.967) and tumour stage (RR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.44, 1.05; I2 = 66.6%, p = 0.081). CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis confirms that in Asian populations, high expression of DLL3 was a potential poor prognostic biomarker for SCLC and DLL3 highly expressed in advanced stage SCLC in Asian populations.

Red-Emitting Ruthenium(II) and Iridium(III) Complexes as Phosphorescent Probes for Methylglyoxal in Vitro and in Vivo.

Transition-metal complexes, ruthenium(II) and iridium(III) complexes in particular, with fascinating triplet emissions are rapidly emerging as important phosphorescent dyes for application in the sensing and imaging of biological makers in live cells and organisms. In this contribution, two red-emitting transition-metal complexes, [Ru(bpy)2(DA-phen)](PF6)2 and [Ir(ppy)2(DA-phen)](PF6) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, DA-phen = 4,5-diamino-1,10-phenanthroline, and ppy = 2-phenylpyridine), were designed and synthesized as phosphorescent probes for the highly sensitive and selective detection of methylglyoxal (MGO), an essential biomarker in the etiopathogenesis of several diseases. Both probes showed weak emissions in aqueous media because of the existence of an effective photoinduced-electron-transfer process, while their emissions could be remarkably enhanced upon the addition of MGO. The photophysical and electrochemical properties, as well as phosphorescent responses of the probes toward MGO, were examined. The ground- and excited-state properties of the probes and their reaction products with MGO, [Ru(bpy)2(MP-phen)](PF6)2 and [Ir(ppy)2(MP-phen)](PF6) (MP-phen = 2-methylpyrazino-1,10-phenanthroline), the sensing mechanism, and several important experimental facts were investigated and validated using density functional theory (DFT)/time-dependent DFT computations. The results indicated that the phosphorescence switch-ON is due to the elimination of electron transfer and followed the reestablishment of emissive triplet excited states. To evaluate the feasibility of [Ru(bpy)2(DA-phen)](PF6)2 and [Ir(ppy)2(DA-phen)](PF6) as bioprobes, their cytotoxicity was examined, and their applicability for visualizing intracellular and in vivo MGO was demonstrated.

NO reduction by CO over CuO supported on CeO2-doped TiO2: the effect of the amount of a few CeO2.

This work is mainly focused on the investigation of the influence of the amount of a few CeO2 on the physicochemical and catalytic properties of CeO2-doped TiO2 catalysts for NO reduction by a CO model reaction. The obtained samples were characterized by means of XRD, N2-physisorption (BET), LRS, UV-vis DRS, XPS, (O2, CO, and NO)-TPD, H2-TPR, in situ FT-IR, and a NO + CO model reaction. These results indicate that a small quantity of CeO2 doping into the TiO2 support will cause an obvious change in the properties of the catalyst and the TC-60 : 1 (the TiO2/CeO2 molar ratio is 60 : 1) support exhibits the most extent of lattice expansion, which indicates that the band lengths of Ce-O-Ti are longer than other TC (the solid solution of TiO2 and CeO2) samples, probably contributing to larger structural distortion and disorder, more defects and oxygen vacancies. Copper oxide species supported on TC supports are much easier to be reduced than those supported on the pure TiO2 and CeO2 surface-modified TiO2 supports. Furthermore, the Cu/TC-60 : 1 catalyst shows the highest activity and selectivity due to more oxygen vacancies, higher mobility of surface and lattice oxygen at lower temperature (which contributes to the regeneration of oxygen vacancies, and the best reducing ability), the most content of Cu(+), and the strongest synergistic effect between Ti(3+), Ce(3+) and Cu(+). On the other hand, the CeO2 doping into TiO2 promotes the formation of a Cu(+)/Cu(0) redox cycle at high temperatures, which has a crucial effect on N2O reduction. Finally, in order to further understand the nature of the catalytic performances of these samples, taking the Cu/TC-60 : 1 catalyst as an example, a possible reaction mechanism is tentatively proposed.

Efficacy of Lvpao Powder on Radiation Therapy-Induced Mucositis: A Retrospective Study of 114 Patients With Head and Neck Carcinoma.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of Kangfuxin solution and lvpao powder on mucositis induced by radiation therapy in head and neck carcinoma patients. We retrospectively analyzed 114 patients with head and neck malignant tumors in our center. Methods and Materials: Patients were given Kangfuxin solution to rinse the mouth or Lvpao powder sprayed on oral mucosa after the solution use. The side effect was evaluated by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. Results: The grade 3 mucositis occurred in 32.9% (23/70) and 11.4% (5/44) in Kangfuxin solution group and Kangfuxin solution + lvpao powder group, respectively (P = .009). The pain score of the Kangfuxin solution group was significantly higher than that of the Kangfuxin solution and lvpao powder group, with 4.26 ± 0.81 versus 3.75 ± 1.03 (P = .007). The time of symptom relief in the combined group was significantly shorter than that in the single drug group, with 3 days versus 6 days (P = .000). The weight loss of the former groups was bigger than that of the latter group (6.67 ± 1.20 kg vs 5.95 ± 0.94 kg; P = .001). There was no statistical difference in the limitations in mouth opening (P = .164). Conclusions: Lvpao powder is safe and effective as a mucosal repair drug in accelerating the recovery of patients and reducing their body weight.

Biomarkers of Parkinson's Disease: From Basic Research to Clinical Practice.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized pathologically by dopaminergic neuron loss and the formation of Lewy bodies, which are enriched with aggregated α-synuclein (α-syn). PD currently has no cure, but therapeutic strategies are available to alleviate symptoms. Early diagnosis can greatly improve therapeutic interventions, but the clinical diagnosis of PD remains challenging and depends mainly on clinical features and imaging tests. Efficient and specific biomarkers are crucial for the diagnosis, monitoring, and evaluation of PD. Here, we reviewed the biomarkers of PD in different tissues and biofluids, along with the current clinical biochemical detection methods. We found that the sensitivity and specificity of single biomarkers are limited, and selecting appropriate indicators for combined detection can improve the diagnostic accuracy of PD.

Flexible nano-liposomes-based transdermal hydrogel for targeted delivery of dexamethasone for rheumatoid arthritis therapy.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory immune-mediated disease that can lead to synovitis, cartilage destruction, and even joint damage. Dexamethasone (DEX) is a commonly used agent for RA therapy on inflammation manage. However, the traditional administering DEX is hampered by low efficiency and obvious adverse effects. Therefore, in order to efficiently deliver DEX to RA inflamed joints and overcome existing deficiencies, we developed transdermal formation dextran sulfate (DS) modified DEX-loaded flexible liposome hydrogel (DS-FLs/DEX hydrogel), validated their transdermal efficiency, evaluated its ability to target activated macrophages, and its anti-inflammatory effect. The DS-FLs/DEX exhibited excellent biocompatibility, sustainable drug release, and high uptake by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages. Furthermore, the DS-FLs/DEX hydrogel showed desired skin permeation as compared with regular liposome hydrogel (DS-RLs/DEX hydrogel) due to its good deformability. In vivo, when used the AIA rats as RA model, the DS-FLs/DEX hydrogel can effectively penetrate and accumulate in inflamed joints, significantly improve joint swelling in RA rats, and reduce the destructive effect of RA on bone. Importantly, the expression of inflammatory cytokines in joints was inhibited and the system toxicity did not activate under DS-FLs/DEX hydrogel treatment. Overall, these data revealed that the dextran sulfate (DS) modified DEX-loaded flexible liposome hydrogel (DS-FLs/DEX hydrogel) can prove to be an excellent drug delivery vehicle against RA.

Efficacy of aspirin combined with labetalol on gestational hypertension and effect on serum PAPP-A, APN and HMGB1.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical efficacy of aspirin combined with labetalol on gestational hypertension (GH) and its influence on serum pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), adiponectin (APN), and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1). METHODS: A total of 146 patients with GH admitted to the Zibo Central Hospital between April 2018 and January 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. The control group (Con group, n=71) was treated by labetalol monotherapy, and on this basis, the research group (Res group, n=75) was additionally given aspirin. The following criteria of the 2 groups were evaluated: total effectiveness rate, incidence of adverse reactions, blood pressure-associated indices, coagulation function-associated indices, changes in serum PAPP-A, APN, and HMGB1 levels, adverse maternal and infant outcomes, and neonatal Apgar score. RESULTS: After therapy, the Res group showed a notably higher total effective rate than the Con group, with no remarkable difference in the incidence of adverse reactions. Additionally, compared to the Con group, the Res group showed notably lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), greatly improved coagulation function, significantly lower levels of serum PAPP-A and HMGB1, and significantly higher level of serum APN. Moreover, the incidence of adverse maternal and infant outcomes in the Res group was much lower than that in the Con group after therapy, and the one- and five-min Apgar scores of neonates in the Res group were both notably higher than those in the Con group after delivery. CONCLUSION: For patients with GH, aspirin combined with labetalol can effectively control blood pressure, improve coagulation function and clinical efficacy, lower serum PAPP-A and HMGB1, and increase serum APN, and ameliorate maternal and infant outcome.

Clinical Analysis of Improved Particle Swarm Algorithm-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnosis of Placenta Accreta.

The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image processing capabilities were investigated based on the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm, and the clinical application analysis of MRI images in the diagnosis of placenta accreta (PA) was evaluated in this study. The MRI uterine images were detected on the basis of IPSO. Besides, the clinical data of 89 patients with PA were selected and collected, who were diagnosed by clinical cesarean section surgery and pathological comprehensive diagnosis in hospital from January 2018 to July 2020. Then, all of them underwent the ultrasound (US) and MRI examinations, and the differences of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy between MRI and US under IPSO in the diagnosis of PA were compared, as well as the differences in the diagnosis of adhesive, implantable, and penetrated PA. The results showed that the difference in detection between IPSO-based MRI images and US images was not statistically substantial (p > 0.05), but the number of initial detections was higher than the number of US examination. MRI examination had higher sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of PA during pregnancy, especially for implantable PA, compared with US examination (p < 0.05). In conclusion, MRI images based on the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm showed a good application effect in the diagnosis of placental implantation diseases, which was worthy of further promotion in clinical practice.

[CAR-T Immunotherapy and Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Bottleneck and Dawn].

With the deeper understanding of the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) which threatens human health, NSCLC treatment has entered a new era. Transition from traditional treatment based on surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy to individualized and precise targeted therapy and safer and more effective immunotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has been approved as a first-line or second-line treatment for advanced NSCLC, and has achieved extraordinary clinical results. Meanwhile, other types of immunotherapy are rarely explored in NSCLC. Chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells (CAR-T cells) perform well in treating several hematological malignancies. However, it is not ideal for treating patients with solid tumors including NSCLC. This review aims to systematically explain the latest progress of CAR-T in the treatment of NSCLC, mainly including: CAR molecular target selection, CAR-T function enhancement and related toxicity management, as well as the difficulties and prospects of CAR-T treatment of NSCLC. It aims to open up new perspectives and unique ideas for the immunotherapy of NSCLC, and contribute to the building of tumor immunotherapy.
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Predictive Value of a Noninvasive Serological Hepatic Fibrosis Scoring System in Cirrhosis Combined with Oesophageal Varices.

Objective: In recent years, the noninvasive serological scoring system has become a research hotspot in predicting hepatic fibrosis and has achieved good results. However, it has rarely been applied to the prediction of oesophageal varices. The aim of the study was to evaluate the predictive value of the four following scoring systems in cirrhosis combined with oesophageal varices: aspartate and platelet ratio index (APRI), aspartate aminotransferase-alanine aminotransferase ratio (AAR), FIB-4, and S index. Methods: A total of 153 patients with cirrhosis were categorized into groups with or without oesophageal varices. In addition, cirrhosis patients with oesophageal varices were further divided into mild, moderate, and severe grades. The rank sum test was used to compare the significant differences of APRI, AAR, FIB-4, and S index between the two groups of cirrhosis patients with or without oesophageal varices. A ROC curve was generated to compare the area under the curve of the three groups and to obtain the corresponding optimal prediction value. Moreover, multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the predictive factors for cirrhosis combined with oesophageal varices. Results: 44 patients had no oesophageal varices and 108 patients had oesophageal varices. Of the 108 patients with oesophageal varices, 43 were mild, 32 were moderate, and 33 were severe. The rank sum test indicated that the APRI, FIB-4, and S index were statistically significant between two groups (P < 0.05), while no significant difference was detected in terms of AAR between the two groups (P > 0.05). In addition, all four scoring systems were statistically significant between nonoesophageal varices group and severe oesophageal varices group (P < 0.05). In the ROC curve of oesophageal varices, the AUC values of APRI, FIB-4, and S index for predicting oesophageal varices were 0.681, 0642, and 0.673, respectively. However, in the ROC curve of severe oesophageal varices, the AUC values of APRI, AAR, FIB-4, and S index were 0.729, 0.648, 0.673, and 0.695, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that APRI and FIB-4 were predictors of disease progression (P < 0.05). Conclusion: AAR harboured a poor predictive value for oesophageal varices, APRI can be used as a reference index for the prediction of severe oesophageal varices, and the S index harboured potential value in predicting the degree of progression of cirrhosis.

Expression of the ß3 subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase is increased in gastric cancer and regulates gastric cancer cell progression and prognosis via the PI3/AKT pathway.

ATP1B3 encodes the ß3 subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase and is located in the q22-23 region of chromosome 3. Na+/K+-ATPase participates in normal cellular activities but also plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis. In the present study, we found that expression of the ß3 subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase was increased in human gastric cancer tissues compared with that in normal matched tissues and that this increased expression predicted a poor outcome. ATP1B3 expression was elevated at both the mRNA and protein levels in gastric cancer cell lines relative to those in a normal gastric epithelial cell line. Interestingly, ATP1B3 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation, colony-formation ability, migration, and invasion and increased apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma cell lines. Additionally, knockdown induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ATP1B3 silencing decreased the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT) and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT), indicating that ATP1B3 regulates gastric cancer cell progression via the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Hence, the ß3 subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase plays an essential role in the tumourigenesis of gastric cancer and may be a potential prognostic and therapeutic target for the treatment of gastric cancer.

High expression levels of Cyr61 and VEGF are associated with poor prognosis in osteosarcoma.

Cysteine Rich Angiogenic Inducer 61 (Cyr61) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) are signaling proteins involved in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis and progression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of Cyr61 and VEGF expressions in osteosarcoma. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to evaluate the expression of both the proteins in 84 osteosarcoma samples. Correlation between Cyr61/VEGF expressions and clinicopathological parameters was determined using Rank sum test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Prognostic factors were identified using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The expressions of Cyr61 and VEGF were weak in 26.2% and 17.9%, moderate in 26.2% and 23.8%, and strong in 47.6% and 58.3% of osteosarcoma samples, respectively. Cyr61 and VEGF expressions moderately correlated with each other in osteosarcoma, and exhibited significant association with Enneking stage and distant metastasis. In addition, the high expression of both proteins significantly correlated with short overall survival time in these patients. The key finding in this study was that both Cyr61 and VEGF expressions were independent prognostic indicators of overall survival. In summary, our results indicate that expression of Cyr61 and VEGF may serve as important prognostic predictors in patients with osteosarcoma.

A unique iridium(III) complex-based chemosensor for multi-signal detection and multi-channel imaging of hypochlorous acid in liver injury.

Although hypochlorous acid (HOCl) has long been associated with a number of inflammatory diseases in mammalian bodies, the functions of HOCl in specific organs at abnormal conditions, such as liver injury, remain unclear due to its high reactivity and the lack of effective methods for its detection. Herein, a unique Ir(III) complex-based chemosensor, Ir-Fc, was developed for highly sensitive and selective detection of HOCl. Ir-Fc was designed by incorporating a ferrocene (Fc) quencher to a Ir(III) complex through a HOCl-responsive linker. In the presence of HOCl, the fast cleavage of Fc moiety in less than 1s led to the enhancement of photoluminescence (PL) and electrochemical luminescence (ECL), by which the concentration of HOCl was determined by both PL and ECL analysis. Taking advantages of excellent properties of Ir(III) complexes, optical and electrochemical analyses of the response of Ir-Fc towards HOCl were fully investigated. Followed by the measurements of low cytotoxicity of Ir-Fc by MTT analysis, one-photon (OP), two-photon (TP) and lifetime imaging experiments were conducted to visualise the generation of HOCl in live microphage and HepG2 cells, and in zebrafish and mouse, respectively. Furthermore, the generation and distribution of HOCl in liver cells and liver injury of zebrafish and mouse were investigated. The results demonstrated the applicability of Ir-Fc as an effective chemosensor for imaging of HOCl generation in mitochondria of cells and liver injury in vivo, implying the potential of Ir-Fc for biomedical diagnosis and monitoring applications.

The effect of positioning cations on acidity and stability of the framework structure of Y zeolite.

The investigation on the modification of NaY zeolite on LaHY and AEHY (AE refers Ca and Sr and the molar ratio of Ca and Sr is 1:1) zeolites was proformed by XRD, N2-physisorption (BET), XRF, XPS, NH3-TPD, Py-IR, hydrothermal stability, and catalytic cracking test. These results indicate that HY zeolite with ultra low content Na can be obtained from NaY zeolite through four exchange four calcination method. The positioning capability of La(3+) in sodalite cage is much better than that of AE(2+) and about 12 La(3+) can be well coordinated in sodalite cages of one unit cell of Y zeolite. Appropriate acid amount and strength favor the formation of propylene and La(3+) is more suitable for the catalytic cracking of cyclohexane than that of AE(2+). Our results not only elaborate the variation of the strong and weak acid sites as well as the Brönsted and Lewis acid sites with the change of exchanged ion content but also explore the influence of hydrothermal aging of LaHY and AEHY zeolites and find the optimum ion exchange content for the most reserved acid sites. At last, the coordination state and stabilization of ion exchanged Y zeolites were discussed in detail.