Noninvasive Blood Glucose Analysis Based on Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy.

Noninvasive glucose detection is highly required for more convenient and less pain glycaemic monitoring. Most of currently used methods are invasive. In this paper, a near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is proposed to detect blood glucose to protect patient absent of pain. NIRS is a safe, simple and efficient technology applied in many fields. Experiments, based on Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT), were conducted to collect data modeling with partial least squares (PLS) regression. 42 samples of fingertip blood and palm were measured by commercially available blood glucose meter and NIRS separately at the same time. The glucose concentration range is between 5 and 12 mmol·L-1. With leave-one-out cross-validation, we obtained a result of root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) of 1.16 mmol·L-1 for all the data. With the pre-processing methods of normalization and un-informative variables elimination reducing noise and eliminating some additional effects, we get a better result of 0.79 mmol·L-1. A RMSECV of 0.41 mmol·L-1 for individual modeling is much less than the total modeling. It has a broad application prospect in individual customization.

A Promising Application of Injectable Hydrogels in Nerve Repair and Regeneration for Ischemic Stroke.

Ischemic stroke, a condition that often leads to severe nerve damage, induces complex pathological and physiological changes in nerve tissue. The mature central nervous system (CNS) lacks intrinsic regenerative capacity, resulting in a poor prognosis and long-term neurological impairments. There is no available therapy that can fully restore CNS functionality. However, the utilization of injectable hydrogels has emerged as a promising strategy for nerve repair and regeneration. Injectable hydrogels possess exceptional properties, such as biocompatibility, tunable mechanical properties, and the ability to provide a supportive environment for cell growth and tissue regeneration. Recently, various hydrogel-based tissue engineering approaches, including cell encapsulation, controlled release of therapeutic factors, and incorporation of bioactive molecules, have demonstrated great potential in the treatment of CNS injuries caused by ischemic stroke. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the application and development of injectable hydrogels for the treatment of ischemic stroke-induced CNS injuries, shedding light on their therapeutic prospects, challenges, recent advancements, and future directions. Additionally, it will discuss the underlying mechanisms involved in hydrogel-mediated nerve repair and regeneration, as well as the need for further preclinical and clinical studies to validate their efficacy and safety.

Biomembrane-Derived Nanoparticles in Alzheimer's Disease Therapy: A Comprehensive Review of Synthetic Lipid Nanoparticles and Natural Cell-Derived Vesicles.

Current therapies for Alzheimer's disease used in the clinic predominantly focus on reducing symptoms with limited capability to control disease progression; thus, novel drugs are urgently needed. While nanoparticles (liposomes, high-density lipoprotein-based nanoparticles) constructed with synthetic biomembranes have shown great potential in AD therapy due to their excellent biocompatibility, multifunctionality and ability to penetrate the BBB, nanoparticles derived from natural biomembranes (extracellular vesicles, cell membrane-based nanoparticles) display inherent biocompatibility, stability, homing ability and ability to penetrate the BBB, which may present a safer and more effective treatment for AD. In this paper, we reviewed the synthetic and natural biomembrane-derived nanoparticles that are used in AD therapy. The challenges associated with the clinical translation of biomembrane-derived nanoparticles and future perspectives are also discussed.