Pathogenic microorganism DNA high-throughput genetic sequencing to diagnose peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis, and the prevention and treatment of this condition are important for improving the long-term survival and quality of life of patients. However, peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is relatively rare and not easily diagnosed. Here, we present a case of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis identified by pathogenic microbial DNA high-throughput genetic sequencing. This case demonstrates that pathogenic microbial DNA high-throughput genetic sequencing could be used to improve the detection rate of pathogenic microorganisms in patients with complex conditions, thereby allowing for earlier initiation of treatment.

Continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration versus standard medical therapy for the prevention of rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury: a retrospective cohort study.

AIM: To determine whether continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) plus standard medical therapy (SMT) vs. SMT alone prevents rhabdomyolysis (RM)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and analyze the related health economics. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study involved 9 RM patients without AKI, coronary heart disease, or chronic kidney disease treated with CVVHDF plus SMT (CVVHDF + SMT group). Nine matched RM patients without AKI treated with SMT only served as controls (SMT group). Baseline characteristics, biochemical indexes, renal survival data, and health economic data were compared between groups. In the CVVHDF + SMT group, biochemical data were compared at different time points. RESULTS: At 2 and 7 days after admission, serum biochemical indices (e.g., myoglobin, creatine kinase, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen) did not differ between the groups. Total (P = 0.011) and daily hospitalization costs (P = 0.002) were higher in the CVVHDF + SMT group than in the SMT group. After 53 months of follow-up, no patient developed increased serum creatinine, except for 1 CVVHDF + SMT-group patient who died of acute myocardial infarction. In the CVVHDF + SMT group, myoglobin levels significantly differed before and after the first CVVHDF treatment (P = 0.008), and serum myoglobin, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen decreased significantly at different time points after CVVHDF. CONCLUSIONS: Although CVVHDF facilitated myoglobin elimination, its addition to SMT did not improve biochemical indices like serum myoglobin, serum creatine kinase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and lactate dehydrogenase or the long-term renal prognosis. Despite similar hospitalization durations, both total and daily hospitalization costs were higher in the CVVHDF + SMT group.

Prevalence of depression and anxiety and their predictors among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in Northern China: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) in Hohhot, a large city on the northern border of China, and to identify independent risk factors for depression and anxiety in these patients. METHODS: Patients receiving MHD for >3 months were enrolled in the four largest hemodialysis centers between September 2020 and December 2020. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the Zung self-rated depression scale (SDS) and Zung self-rated anxiety scale (SAS), respectively, with demographic and other data collected for logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Among 305 MHD patients included in this study, the prevalence of depression was 55.1%, including 27.5%, 21.0%, and 6.6% with mild, moderate and severe cases, respectively. The prevalence of anxiety was 25.9%, with 20.0%, 4.6%, and 1.3% having mild, moderate, and severe cases, respectively. An independent protective factor for depression was family income of ≥1415 US dollars/month relative to <157 US dollars/month (odds ratio [OR] 0.209, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.065-0.673), and predictors of depression included ≥3 comorbidities (OR 18.527, 95% CI 1.674-205.028) and severe pruritus (OR 15.971, 95% CI 5.173-49.315). Independent predictors of anxiety included infrequent exercise (OR 3.289, 95% CI 1.411-7.664) and severe pruritus (OR 5.912, 95% CI 1.733-20.168). The correlation between depression and anxiety in these patients was significant (rs = 0.775, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: MHD patients in Northern China had high prevalence rates of depression (55.1%) and anxiety (25.9%). Lower family income, more comorbidities, and a higher degree of pruritus were predictors of depression, while infrequent exercise and severe pruritus were predictors of anxiety. Depression correlated significantly with anxiety. Attention should be given to family income, comorbidity, exercise, and pruritus severity for improved management of depression and anxiety among MHD patients.

[Application of Next-Generation Sequencing in Rare Renal Diseases].

Rare diseases refer to the diseases with low prevalence,among which more than 150 kinds involve the kidney.Most of the rare renal diseases have genetic background.Due to complex etiology and diverse clinical phenotypes,most patients have progressed to the final stage of the disease before a clear diagnosis.Gene testing is a powerful tool for the diagnosis of rare renal diseases.The emergence of the next-generation sequencing (NGS) significantly improves the diagnostic efficiency and quality and provides an unprecedented opportunity to understand the molecular genetic basis of rare renal diseases and further select or develop targeted therapies.This article reviews the application progress,challenges,and prospects of NGS in rare kidney diseases.

Aquamicrobium zhengzhouense sp. nov., a Bacterium Isolated from Farmland Soil Applied with Amino Acid Fertilizer.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium, designated strain cd-1T, was isolated from a farmland soil applied with amino acid fertilizer in Zhengzhou, Henan province, China. The optimum growth of strain cd-1T occurred at 30 °C, pH 7.0 in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth without NaCl supplement. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that cd-1T is member of the genus Aquamicrobium, and formed a separate branch with Aquamicrobium aerolatum DSM 21857T (96.5%) and Aquamicrobium soli KCTC 52165T (95.7%). The draft genome sequencing revealed a DNA G + C content of 59.2 mol% and Q-10 was the predominant respiratory quinone. The major cellular fatty acids were identified as C18:1 ω7c (35.8%), C19:0 cyclo ω8c (32.1%), and C18:1 ω7c 11-methyl (5.2%). The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) and the digital DNA-DNA hybridizations (dDDH) for draft genomes between strain cd-1T and KCTC 52165T were 71.0% and 19.9%, respectively, the values for strain cd-1T and DSM 21857T were 73.4% and 20.6%. Based on the physiological and biochemical characteristics, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain cd-1T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Aquamicrobium, for which the name Aquamicrobium zhengzhouense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is cd-1T (= KCTC 82182T = CCTCC M 2018904T).

Research progress on measurement methods and evaluation of the hemodialysis adequacy index Kt/V.

The most common form of replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is hemodialysis, and the adequacy of hemodialysis is strongly associated with the quality of life and long-term survival of patients. Kt/V is currently one of the most important indicators for evaluating the adequacy of hemodialysis. There are many methods for measuring Kt/V, such as blood collection and measurement, dialysate measurement, bioresistive resistance, WinNonlin software analysis, and artificial intelligence. There are different views on the importance of Kt/V as an indicator of the adequacy of hemodialysis. This article provides a literature review of the various methods of measuring Kt/V and on different perspectives on Kt/V as an evaluation of hemodialysis adequacy.

ERBB2 is a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in renal clear cell carcinoma.

Renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a common parenchymal tumor of the kidney, and the discovery of biomarkers for early and effective diagnosis of ccRCC can improve the early diagnosis of patients and thus improve long-term survival. Erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2) mediates the processes of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis inhibition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic role of ERBB2 in ccRCC. We analyzed the expression levels of ERBB2 in various cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. RNA-seq data were analyzed using R packages to identify differentially expressed genes between the high and low ERBB2 expression groups in the TCGA-KIRC dataset. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to determine the correlation between ERBB2 expression and immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint expression, and PTEN expression. DNA methylation changes and genetic alterations in ERBB2 were assessed using the MethSurv and cBioPortal databases. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the correlation between ERBB2 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of ccRCC patients. The diagnostic and prognostic value of ERBB2 was assessed using Kaplan‒Meier (K‒M) survival curves, diagnostic ROC curves, time-dependent ROC curves, nomogram models, and Cox regression models. The expression level of ERBB2 is lower in tumor tissues of ccRCC patients than in the corresponding control tissues. Differentially expressed genes associated with ERBB2 were significantly enriched in the pathways "BMP2WNT4FOXO1 pathway in primary endometrial stromal cell differentiation" and "AMAN pathway". In ccRCC tissues, ERBB2 expression levels were associated with immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoints, and PTEN. The DNA methylation status of 10 CpG islands in the ERBB2 gene was associated with the prognosis of ccRCC. ERBB2 expression levels in ccRCC tissues were associated with race, sex, T stage, M stage, histological grade, and pathological stage. Cox regression analysis showed that ERBB2 was a potential independent predictor of overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free interval (PFI) in ccRCC patients. ROC curve analysis showed that the expression level of ERBB2 could accurately distinguish between ccRCC tissue and adjacent normal renal tissue. Our study showed that ERBB2 expression in ccRCC tissues can be of clinical importance as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker.

[Clinical analysis of 16 AIDS patients complicated with toxoplasmic encephalitis].

Sixteen AIDS patients complicated with toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) were retrospectively analyzed between August 2008 to August 2009 with a mean age of (37.0 +/- 11.6) years. The most common clinical symptoms were headache (68.8%, 11/16) and fever (62.5%, 10/16), and 6 with Babinski sign (37.5%). 81.3%(13/16) were with CD4+ cells < 200/mm. Both sera and CSF showed 62.5% (10/16) TOXO-IgG positive by ELISA. CT and MRI scan demonstrated bilateral and multiple lesions with marked peripheral edema effect, and an enhanced scanning showed small finger ring as the major feature. 15 patients got improved by either oral sulphadiazine tablets or sulphadiazine tablets plus clindamycin capsule, 10 cases received combined HAART treatment, and 1 case died with septic shock.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor contributes to anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-induced neutrophils activation.

BACKGROUND: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an inflammatory mediator released by macrophages that is central to the innate immune system, with an upstream role in the inflammatory cascade. MIF is one of the most important pathogenic factors in the development of the autoimmune diseases. In the current study, we investigated the role of MIF in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-induced neutrophil activation. METHODS: Plasma levels of MIF from 31 patients with active ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) were analyzed by ELISA. The various effects of MIF in ANCA-induced neutrophil respiratory burst and degranulation were measured. RESULTS: Plasma levels of circulating MIF were significantly higher in AAV patients with active disease compared with those in remission and healthy controls. Compared with MIF-primed neutrophils, the MFI value increased significantly in MIF-primed neutrophils further activated with MPO-ANCA-positive IgG or PR3-ANCA-positive IgG (270.8±9.7 vs. 421.5±9.7, P<0.001; 270.8±9.7 vs. 414.1±15.6, P<0.001, respectively). Compared with MIF-primed neutrophils, the lactoferrin concentration increased significantly in the supernatant of MIF-primed neutrophils further activated by MPO-ANCA-positive IgG (567.8±61.2ng/ml vs. 1677.0±42.5ng/ml, P<0.001) or PR3-ANCA-positive IgG (567.8±61.2ng/ml vs. 1546.0±116.2ng/ml, P<0.001), respectively. Interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-6 and IL-23 were involved in ANCA-induced activation of MIF-primed neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS: MIF primes neutrophils by increasing ANCA antigen translocation. The primed neutrophils can be further induced by ANCA, resulting in respiratory burst and degranulation.

[Preventive and therapeutic effects of astragalus and angelica mixture on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis after unilateral ureteral obstruction in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of Astragalus and Angelica mixture A&A on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis after unilateral ureteral obstruction UUO in rats and their mechanisms. METHODS: UUO rats were randomly divided into Sham, UUO, A&A or ACEI groups. A&A, ACEI or the same amount of water was administered by gavage beginning 24 hours before UUO preparation and continued through ten days after UUO. Sera and the kidney tissues were collected from each group on the tenth day. Scr and BUN were measured. Trichrome staining, measurement of tubulo interstitial damage index and immunohistochemical studies localizing alpha-smooth muscle actin alpha-SMA , TGF-beta1, fibronectin FN , laminin LN were carried out. RESULTS: In UUO rats, the tubular-interstitial damage index, the expressions of alpha-SMA, TGF-beta1, FN and LN were all increased compared with those of Sham group. The tubulo interstitial damage index had positive correlation with expressions of alpha-SMA, TGF-beta1, FN and LN. A&A significantly ameliorated deterioration of renal function, tubulo interstitial damage index and inhibited the over-expressions of alpha-SMA, TGF-beta1, FN and LN in UUO rats. These anti-fibrotic effects were similar to those affected by ACEI. CONCLUSION: In renal interstitial fibrosis-induced UUO rats, A&A retard the progression of renal fibrosis and renal function deterioration by inhibiting myofibroblasts and suppressing TGF-beta1 expression, which may consequently result in a decreased production of extracellular matrix.

Correlation research on ADMA plasma levels and left ventricular function of peritoneal dialysis patients.

Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) has been involved in the development mechanism of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the plasma ADMA levels and echocardiography, and understand the relationship between ADMA and left ventricular function. All of the patients were divided into three groups, including End-stage renal disease patients on CAPD, Conservative treatment in patients with ESRD and Control group. All the cases in the outpatient clinic or hospital at the next morning were collected fasting venous blood 2 ml. All cases were detected by American GE company Vivid7 Colour Doppler Ultrasonic Echocardiograph to detected left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD), Left atrial diameter (LAD), Left ventricular posterior wall thickness in diastole (LVPWT), Interventricular septum thickness in diastole (IVST), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). There were significant differences among all of the three groups for the GFR, urine albumin, SGA, Hb, iPTH and ALB levels. There was statistically significant difference for serum ADMA levels among three groups (F = 34.047, P = 0.000). CAPD patient plasma ADMA levels were negatively correlated with LVEF, and positively correlated with LVMI, LVM, LVEDD, LAD. Conservative treatment group had higher proportion of average artery, left ventricular hypertrophy and left ventricular mass index. The peritoneal dialysis fluid ADMA levels of CAPD patients with peritoneal were positively correlated with LVEF (r = 0.367, P = 0.046), negatively correlated with LVMI. In conclusion, ADMA may be involved in change of left ventricular structure, function, and remodeling process through a complex network.

Prevalence, clinical characteristics and outcome in patients with chronic heart failure and diabetes.

BACKGROUND: Chronic heart failure (CHF) and diabetes mellitus portend high morbidity and mortality because of an interrelated pathophysiologic process. This large cohort study aimed to analyze the prevalence, clinical characteristics and long-term outcome of patients with CHF and diabetes. METHODS: A total of 1119 patients with NYHA functional class II - IV and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 45% between January 1995 and May 2009 were recruited. Clinical variables, biochemical and echocardiographic measurements were retrospectively reviewed, and composite major cardiac events (MCE) including death, heart transplantation, and refractory heart failure requiring multiple hospitalizations were recorded. RESULTS: The prevalence of CHF with diabetes was progressively increased with time (16.9% in 1995 - 1999; 20.4% in 2000 - 2004, and 29.1% in 2005 - 2009) and age (18.5% in < 60 years, 26.6% in 60 - 80 years, and 26.6% in > 80 years). Compared with CHF patients without diabetes, those with diabetes had worse cardiac function, more abnormal biochemical changes, and higher mortality. Treatment with glucose-lowering agents significantly improved LVEF and decreased MCE. An elevated serum HbA1c level was associated with large left ventricular end-systolic diameter (P < 0.05), decreased LVEF (P < 0.01) and reduced survival (P < 0.05). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis revealed that after adjustment for confounding factors, NYHA functional class (OR 2.65, 95%CI 1.14 - 6.16, P = 0.024) and HbA1c level >or= 7% (OR 2.78, 95%CI 1.00 - 7.68, P = 0.049) were independent risk factors for adverse outcomes in CHF patients with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of CHF with diabetes was increasing during past decades, and patients with CHF and diabetes had worse clinical profiles and prognosis. Aggressive anti-CHF and diabetes therapies are needed to improve overall outcomes for these patients.