Morphological Aesthetics Assessment of the Predicted 3D Simulation Results and the Actual Results of Breast Augmentation.

BACKGROUND: Although three-dimensional (3D) simulations are becoming more common in preoperative breast augmentation planning, this does not necessarily imply that the simulated results are highly accurate. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the 3D simulation technique by comparing the differences in breast morphology between the 3D prediction model and the actual results. METHODS: The simulation and actual postoperative results of 103 patients who underwent breast augmentation were analyzed retrospectively. Therefore, a 3D model was created, and the parameters of line spacing, nipple position, breast projection, surface area, and volume were evaluated. Furthermore, consider the difference in chest circumferences and breast volume. RESULTS: In comparison with the simulation results, the actual results had a mean increase in the nipple to the inframammary fold (N-IMF) of 0.3 cm (P < 0.05) and a mean increase in basal breast width (BW) of 0.3 cm (P < 0.001), a difference that was not statistically significant in patients with larger breast volumes. There was a significant difference in the mean upper and lower breast volume distribution between simulated and actual breasts (upper pole 52.9% vs. 49.2%, P < 0.05, and lower pole 47.1% vs. 50.8%, P < 0.001). However, it was not statistically significant in patients with larger chest circumferences. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that 3D simulation has uncertainties related to the patient's chest circumference and breast volume. Therefore, these two critical factors must be considered when using simulation assessment in preoperative planning. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Scanning Study of the Superior Labial Artery in Chinese Individuals for Assessing Filler Injection Safety.

BACKGROUND: Lip filler injection is one of the most common minimally invasive cosmetic procedures involving the face; however, vascular complications are not uncommon. The aim of this study was to investigate the anatomy of the superior labial artery (SLA) and provide precise topographic information for dermal filler injection into the lips. METHODS: Computed tomography (CT) scans of 52 cadaveric heads injected with lead oxide were obtained. We then used Mimics software to construct 3D images of the SLA described by a coordinate system based on the bilateral external auditory canal and the left orbit. This study aimed to classify the SLA in the Han Chinese population, measure its diameter at specific points, and determine the thickness of the lip at those points. Ultimately, we utilized a thermal imaging technique to illustrate the course and depth of the SLA within the lip. The objective of this study was to provide safe guidance for clinical injections. RESULTS: In this study, the SLA was successfully identified in all cadavers. The mean overall diameter of the superior labial arteries was 1.36 ± 0.28 mm. The superior labial artery showed a general course from deep to shallow with an average depth of 5.68 ± 1.68 mm from the oral commissure to the midline. CONCLUSIONS: There are anatomical differences in the superior labial arteries among Chinese people. Furthermore, 3D CT images can digitally elucidate the exact positions of the superior labial artery via a coordinate system, improving the safety of upper lip filler injections in clinical settings. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

The growth and medicinal quality of Epimedium wushanense are improved by an isolate of dark septate fungus.

CONTEXT: Seven dark-septate endophytic (DSE) fungi have been isolated from the roots of Epimedium wushanense T. S. Ying (Berberidaceae), an important medicinal plant with various pharmacological activities. OBJECTIVE: The current study explores the effects of seven DSE fungi on the growth and accumulation of bioactive compounds in E. wushanense. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Each 1-month-old E. wushanense seedling was inoculated with one of the seven DSE fungi and was grown under greenhouse conditions for 90 d. The molecular identification of the fungi was based on the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 nuclear ribosomal gene cluster. RESULTS: The results showed that the influence of DSE fungi inoculation varied between strains. Inoculation with DSE8 not only significantly enhanced plant height, root length, leaf area, leaf number, and shoot and root biomass but also improved the total flavonoid and icariin content, with an increase ranging from 20.24% to 237.97%. Three of the seven DSE fungi caused the inoculated plants to die, and the remaining three DSE strains showed neutral or negative effects on plant growth and the accumulation of bioactive compounds. According to the ITS sequence, DSE8 is congeneric to the genus Leptodontidium. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that application of DSE8 may be valuable to facilitate the cultivation of E. wushanense with a higher biomass and improved medicinal quality.

[Influence on AM fungi infection rate and medicine quality of Pinellia ternata in condition of three soil impact factors].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence on AM fungi infection rate and medicine quality of Pinellia ternate in the condition of three soil impact factors. METHOD: Set the orthogonal test of three factors and levels. Determinate the AM fungi infection rate in early stage of mature & stage of mature of P. ternata, and the water content, water soluble extract, butanedioic acid content and alkaloid content of P. ternata tuber that be harvested also had be determinated. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: With the P levels to 30 mg x kg(-1) and 90 mg x kg(-1), AM fungi infection was the best when mixed inoculated of EM. Microbial agent inoculated played a decisive role in P. ternata growth and physiological activity, secondary influenced factor was P concentration, and the water stress was the minimal impact. Mixed inoculated of AM fungi and EM treatment with the low P levels (30, 90 mg x kg(-1)) proved better effect on enhancing the water extract content, anedioic acid and alkaloid content, while decreasing the water contents of P. ternata tuber.

[Effect of light quality on growth and quality of Pinellia ternata].

Measuring the content of soluble reducing sugar, total sugar, soluble protein, guanosine, alkaloids, and succinic acid of Pinellia ternata tuber were measured by anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetric method, Coomassie brilliant blue method, RP-HPLC, reverse potentiometric titration, acid dye colorimetry, respectively. The result showed that yellow light could promote the growth and development of P. ternata and increase the content of soluble reducing sugar, total sugar, alkaloids, and succinic acid. Under blue light could promote the content of soluble protein and guanosine. Red and yellow light increased the content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, contrastively blue light reduced the content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. White film through the most uniform spectrum was most conducive to the synthesis of chlorophyll a. As single film, blue film, yellow film were more conducive to the synthesis of chlorophyll a, green film and red film had been relatively beneficial to the synthesis of chlorophyll b. Bulbil formed the largest number and the biggest propagation coefficient of P. ternata under red light showed that it could increase the production of P. ternata under red light.

[Tissue cultivation of tiller buds of Epimedium wushanense].

OBJECTIVE: To established the rapid tissue propagation system of Epimedium wushanense, in order to provide theoretical basis for industrialized seed cultivation. METHOD: Tiller buds E. wushanense were used as explants, with MS, B5, WPM as basic media, and added with different concentrations of plant growth regulators such as 6-BA, NAA and GA3, in order to conduct a systematic study on induction and propagation conditions for tiller buds. RESULT: The suitable method for sterilizing bud was to disinfect with 75% ethanol for 30 s, and then treated with 0.1% HgCl2 for (4 + 2) min for consecutively twice, which could control the pollution rate below 5% and the survival rate above 75%. The optimal medium for bud induction was WPM + 6-BA 2.0 mg x L(-1) + NAA 0.1 mg x L(-1) + GA3 0.5 mg x L(-1), with the induction rate of 75.5%; meanwhile, the basic medium and 6-BA showed significant effect on the induction rate. The propagation medium suitable for buds was MS +6-BA 2.0 mg x L(-1) + NAA 0.5 mg x L(-1), with the propagation rate of 3.3. The optimal growth of rooting medium was 1/2 WPM + IBA 0.5 mg x L(-1) + activated carbon which (0.05%), with the rooting rate of 90%, three to six strong seedlings in each plant. CONCLUSION: The disinfection method suitable for tiller buds and the medium combination suitable for induction, propagation and rooting of adventitious buds are screened out to establish the rapid cultivation system for tiller buds of E. wushanense.

Catalytic Asymmetric [3 + 2] Annulation of Hantzsch Esters with Racemic N-Sulfonylaziridines.

Hantzsch esters (HEs) served as two-carbon partners in a copper(I)-catalyzed enantioselective [3 + 2] annulation with racemic 2-(hetero)aryl-N-sulfonyl aziridines via kinetic resolution to provide pyrrolo[2,3-b]tetrahydropyridines containing multiple contiguous stereogenic centers including all-carbon quaternary centers in excellent yields and enantiopurities and moderate-to-excellent diastereoselectivities. Mainly dependent upon the structures of the aziridines, a competitive hydrogenolysis process with HEs as the hydrogen source was also observed in some cases.

[Rapid propagation of Cremastra appendiculata in vitro].

The protocorms and regenerated plant were induced from the seeds and the pseudobulbs of Cremastra appendiculata (D. Don) Makino with B5 + 2% sugar +0.1% activated carbon. The coefficient of reproduction ranges can be achieved 6 to 10. The optium transplantation medium was vermiculite and the survival rate was 96.7%.