RESUMO
The first ruthenium-catalyzed carboamination of olefins with α-carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides is reported. The utilization of an inexpensive ruthenium catalyst enables the concise synthesis of pharmaceutically important isoindolin-1-ones, which possess both a stereogenic center and ß-carbonyl side chain. This method is mild, efficient, and scalable and allows for the coupling of a wide range of aryl-, heteroaryl-, alkenyl-, and alkyl-substituted sulfoxonium ylides. Moreover, the carbonyl side chain in the resulting product provides a good handle for downstream transformations. For mechanistic studies, a ruthacyle complex is obtained and proven to be the key intermediate in both catalytic and stoichiometric reactions.
RESUMO
Chronic liver diseases caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) are the accepted main cause leading to liver cirrhosis, hepatic fibrosis, and hepatic carcinoma. Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), a specific membrane receptor of hepatocytes for triggering HBV infection, is a promising target against HBV entry. In this study, pentacyclic triterpenoids (PTs) including glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), oleanolic acid (OA), ursolic acid (UA) and betulinic acid (BA) were modified via molecular hybridization with podophyllotoxin respectively, and resulted in thirty-two novel conjugates. The anti-HBV activities of conjugates were evaluated in HepG2.2.15 cells. The results showed that 66% of the conjugates exhibited lower toxicity to the host cells and had significant inhibitory effects on the two HBV antigens, especially HBsAg. Notably, the compounds BA-PPT1, BA-PPT3, BA-PPT4, and UA-PPT3 not only inhibited the secretion of HBsAg but also suppressed HBV DNA replication. A significant difference in the binding of active conjugates to NTCP compared to the HBV PreS1 antigen was observed by SPR assays. The mechanism of action was found to be the competitive binding of these compounds to the NTCP 157-165 epitopes, blocking HBV entry into host cells. Molecular docking results indicated that BA-PPT3 interacted with the amino acid residues of the target protein mainly through π-cation, hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction, suggesting its potential as a promising HBV entry inhibitor targeting the NTCP receptor.
Assuntos
Antivirais , Vírus da Hepatite B , Transportadores de Ânions Orgânicos Dependentes de Sódio , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos , Simportadores , Internalização do Vírus , Humanos , Vírus da Hepatite B/efeitos dos fármacos , Vírus da Hepatite B/metabolismo , Transportadores de Ânions Orgânicos Dependentes de Sódio/antagonistas & inibidores , Transportadores de Ânions Orgânicos Dependentes de Sódio/metabolismo , Simportadores/metabolismo , Simportadores/antagonistas & inibidores , Antivirais/farmacologia , Antivirais/síntese química , Antivirais/química , Internalização do Vírus/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Hep G2 , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos/farmacologia , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos/síntese química , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Triterpenos/química , Triterpenos/síntese química , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/metabolismoRESUMO
Two new sesquiterpenoid derivatives, elgonenes M (1) and N (2), and a new shikimic acid metabolite, methyl 5-O-acetyl-5-epi-shikimate (3), were isolated from the mangrove sediment-derived fungus Roussoella sp. SCSIO 41427 together with fourteen known compounds (4-17). The planar structures were elucidated through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopic (MS) analyses. The relative configurations of 1-3 were ascertained by NOESY experiments, while their absolute configurations were determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation. Elgonene M (1) exhibited inhibition of interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) mRNA, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, at a concentration of 5 µM, with an inhibitory ratio of 31.14%. On the other hand, elgonene N (2) demonstrated inhibition at a concentration of 20 µM, with inhibitory ratios of 27.57%.
Assuntos
Ascomicetos , Sesquiterpenos , Ácido Chiquímico/análogos & derivados , Dicroísmo CircularRESUMO
One new fatty acid derivative, (2E,4E)-6,7-dihydroxy-2-methylocta-2,4-dienoic acid (1), and 16â known compounds (2-17) were isolated from the mangrove sediment derived fungus Trichoderma harzianum SCSIO 41051. Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods, computational ECD, and Mo2(OAc)4-induced ECD experiment. All the compounds were evaluated for their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibition. Compoundsâ 9 and 14 exhibited moderate AChE inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 2.49 and 2.92â µM, respectively, which compoundsâ 8 and 9 displayed moderate inhibition on PL with IC50 value of 2.30 and 2.34â µM, respectively.
Assuntos
Hypocreales , Trichoderma , Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Hypocreales/química , Estrutura Molecular , Trichoderma/química , Inibidores da Colinesterase/química , Inibidores da Colinesterase/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores da Colinesterase/farmacologia , Lipase/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection causes tuberculosis (TB) and has been a long-standing public-health threat. It is urgent that we discover novel antitubercular agents to manage the increased incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) or extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of MTB and tackle the adverse effects of the first- and second-line antitubercular drugs. We previously found that gliotoxin (1), 12, 13-dihydroxy-fumitremorgin C (2), and helvolic acid (3) from the cultures of a deep-sea-derived fungus, Aspergillus sp. SCSIO Ind09F01, showed direct anti-TB effects. As macrophages represent the first line of the host defense system against a mycobacteria infection, here we showed that the gliotoxin exerted potent anti-tuberculosis effects in human THP-1-derived macrophages and mouse-macrophage-leukemia cell line RAW 264.7, using CFU assay and laser confocal scanning microscope analysis. Mechanistically, gliotoxin apparently increased the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I and Atg5 expression, but did not influence macrophage polarization, IL-1ß, TNF-a, IL-10 production upon MTB infection, or ROS generation. Further study revealed that 3-MA could suppress gliotoxin-promoted autophagy and restore gliotoxin-inhibited MTB infection, indicating that gliotoxin-inhibited MTB infection can be treated through autophagy in macrophages. Therefore, we propose that marine fungi-derived gliotoxin holds the promise for the development of novel drugs for TB therapy.