Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 3 de 3
Filtrar
1.
Pain Med ; 22(1): 60-66, 2021 02 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33316051

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The University of California (UC) leadership sought to develop a robust educational response to the epidemic of opioid-related deaths. Because the contributors to this current crisis are multifactorial, a comprehensive response requires educating future physicians about safe and effective management of pain, safer opioid prescribing, and identification and treatment of substance use disorder (SUD). METHODS: The six UC medical schools appointed an opioid crisis workgroup to develop educational strategies and a coordinated response to the opioid epidemic. The workgroup had diverse specialty and disciplinary representation. This workgroup focused on developing a foundational set of educational competencies for adoption across all UC medical schools that address pain, SUD, and public health concerns related to the opioid crisis. RESULTS: The UC pain and SUD competencies were either newly created or adapted from existing competencies that addressed pain, SUD, and opioid and other prescription drug misuse. The final competencies covered three domains: pain, SUD, and public health issues related to the opioid crisis. CONCLUSIONS: The authors present a novel set of educational competencies as a response to the opioid crisis. These competencies emphasize the subject areas that are fundamental to the opioid crisis: pain management, the safe use of opioids, and understanding and treating SUD.


Assuntos
Epidemias , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Opioides , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Analgésicos Opioides/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Epidemia de Opioides , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Opioides/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Opioides/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Opioides/prevenção & controle , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Padrões de Prática Médica , Faculdades de Medicina , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia
2.
Psychiatry Res ; 232(2): 145-53, 2015 May 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25819347

RESUMO

Dysconnectivity between key brain systems has been hypothesized to underlie the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The present study examined the pattern of functional dysconnectivity across whole-brain neural networks in 121 first-episode, treatment-naïve patients with schizophrenia by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI). Group independent component analysis (ICA) was first applied to rsfMRI data to extract 90 functional components of the brain. The functional connectivity between these ICA components was then evaluated and compared between the patient and control groups. To examine the functional roles of significantly altered between-component connections in patients, each ICA component was ascribed to one of 10 previously well-defined brain networks/areas. Relative to findings in healthy controls (n=103), 29 altered functional connections including 19 connections with increased connectivity and 10 connections with decreased connectivity in schizophrenia patients were found. Increased connectivity was mainly within the default mode network (DMN) and between the DMN and cognitive networks, whereas decreased connectivity was predominantly associated with sensory networks. Given the key roles of the DMN in internal mental processes and sensory networks in inputs from the external environment, these patterns of altered brain network connectivity could suggest imbalanced neural processing of internal and external information in schizophrenia.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/metabolismo , Rede Nervosa/metabolismo , Esquizofrenia/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Encéfalo/patologia , Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Rede Nervosa/patologia , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Adulto Jovem
3.
Drug Alcohol Depend ; 114(2-3): 237-41, 2011 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21055884

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Addiction treatment programs are increasingly working to address prevalent and comorbid tobacco dependence in their service populations. However at present there are few published measurement tools, with known psychometric properties, that can be used to assess client-level constructs related to tobacco dependence in addiction treatment settings. Following on previous work that developed a staff-level survey instrument, this report describes the development and measurement characteristics of the smoking knowledge, attitudes and services (S-KAS) for use with clients in addiction treatment settings. METHOD: 250 clients enrolled in residential drug abuse treatment programs were surveyed. Summary statistics were used to characterize both the participants and their responses, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to examine the underlying factor structure. RESULTS: Examination of the rotated factor pattern indicated that the latent structure was formed by one knowledge factor, one attitude factor, and two "service" factors reflecting program services and clinician services related to tobacco dependence. Standardized Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the four scales were, respectively, .57, .75, .82 and .82. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed scales have reasonably good psychometric characteristics, although the knowledge scale leaves room for improvement, and will allow researchers to quantify client knowledge, attitudes and services regarding tobacco dependence treatment. Researchers, program administrators, and clinicians may find the S-KAS useful in changing organizational culture and clinical practices related to tobacco addiction, help in program evaluation studies, and in tracking and improving client motivation.


Assuntos
Comportamento Aditivo/psicologia , Comportamento Aditivo/terapia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Fumar/psicologia , Fumar/terapia , Centros de Tratamento de Abuso de Substâncias , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA