[Assessment of non-carcinogenic risk for the health of the child population under the consumption of drinking water].

In the article there are given results of the evaluation of non-carcinogenic risks for the health of the child population residing in different areas (districts) of the city of Kazan with the aim of the subsequent comprehensive assessment of the pollutants in drinking water. Assessment of the risk for the human health was performed correspondingly to with the P 2.1.10.1920-04 for oral route of exposure in accordance to the chemical composition of drinking water with account for the standard and regional factors of the exposure. The results of the risk assessment under the consumption of drinking tap water by the child population with localized place of residence permit to reveal areas with a high level of health risk in the city. The screening assessment of carcinogenic risk due to the consumption of chemicals with drinking water revealed differences in regional and standard values of the exposure factors. This affects both on the value of the chronic average daily intake of chemical contaminants in drinking water and the level of risk under the consumption of drinking water by the child population.

[Lifestyle of the students of specialized educational institutions and lyceum].

The results of the survey indicate that students of the specialized educational institution have grown in less favorable conditions than lyceum students, they often brought up in single-parent (45% vs. 26%), large (34% vs. 14%) families, their parents are less likely to have higher education. Lifestyle of the parents of students of specialized educational institution is more "unhealthy" than in families of lyceum students: parents drink alcohol 1.8 times more frequently, the prevalence of smoking among mothers was 24 times more. Among students of the specialized educational institution one in five (21%) had the experience of tobacco smoking, among lyceum students--only every 25th (4.0%), alcohol use is common in 24% of pupils and 6% of lyceum students, 7.1% of students irregularly use drugs, among lyceum students there was no such children. Irrational mode of the day was more common among lyceum students: they less frequently rate their health as good (61% vs. 76%), had more complaints about their health, as well as more often experience a fatigue after training sessions (40% versus 26%) and difficulty in falling asleep.

[Morbidity rate in students of lyceum and specialized educational institution].

Comparative analysis of the morbidity rate of students was implemented on the basis of a special educational institution for students who are prone to crime and delinquency and for pupils of the lyceum-boarding school. The analysis showed that the state of health of the surveyed children was characterized by high indices of morbidity rates, the high occurrence of chronic diseases among students and the progressive decrease in the indices of the health. The highest morbidity rates were noted in classes of diseases of the nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system, diseases of the eye and adnexa, and musculoskeletal system. The higher level of incidence of different pathologies in students of the specialized secondary school gives evidence of the possibility of unfavorable prognosis for the future health of adolescents and can refer them to the risk group.

Heavy metals as criteria of health and ecological well-being of the urban environment.

The study of the content of Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cr, and Cu in biological media (the hair) of children living in the zones of the city of Kazan with different pollution levels was carried out. The identification of the zones in the city of Kazan was performed on the basis of the snow cover and soils pollution with heavy metals, which are natural accumulators of chemical substances and heavy metals (HM). Statistically significant differences (р < 0.01) in the content of certain metals in the hair, lead and cadmium in particular, were revealed in children living in the technologically polluted zone (Teplocontrol). Microelement composition of the hair in children with respiratory diseases (RD) varied widely in the content of lead (р < 0.05), and a statistically significantly lower level of zinc (р < 0.01) and copper (р < 0.05) compared with all the rest groups of children was determined in genitourinary diseases (GUD). However, relatively high values of toxic elements in the control zone show that the ecological status of the city and region is instable, and implies additional measures of the environmental monitoring and activities on chemical safety in certain city zones.

Heterochronic changes in parameters of cardiac pumping function in rat pups.

Cardiac pumping function was studied in rat pups by thoracic tetrapolar rheography. The mean daily increment in blood stroke volume increased with age, while the mean daily changes in HR decreased starting from day 30 of life. Changes in the parameters of minute volume of circulation to a greater extent depended on stroke volume than on HR.

Peculiarities of regulation of heart rate and stroke volume in rats during ontogeny.

Changes in heart rate and stroke volume after successive blockade of cardiac adreno- and cholinoceptors were examined on rats of different age. It was established that irrespective of animal age the heart rate remained unchanged under conditions of total adreno- and cholinergic blockade of the heart. Stroke volume under conditions of total adreno- and cholinergic blockade increased with age.