RESUMO
Goodyerinae are one of phylogenetically unresolved groups of Orchidaceae. The lack of resolution achieved through the analyses of previous molecular sequences from one or a few markers has long confounded phylogenetic estimation and generic delimitation. Here, we present large-scale phylogenomic data to compare the plastome structure of the two main clades (Goodyera and Cheirostylis) in this subtribe and further adopt two strategies, combining plastid coding sequences and the whole plastome, to investigate phylogenetic relationships. A total of 46 species in 16 genera were sampled, including 39 species in 15 genera sequenced in this study. The plastomes of heterotrophic species are not drastically reduced in overall size, but display a pattern congruent with a loss of photosynthetic function. The plastomes of autotrophic species ranged from 147 to 165 kb and encoded from 132 to 137 genes. Three unusual structural features were detected: a 1.0-kb inversion in the large single-copy region of Goodyera schlechtendaliana; the loss and/or pseudogenization of ndh genes only in two species, Cheirostylis chinensis and C. montana; and the expansion of inverted repeat regions and contraction of small single-copy region in Hetaeria oblongifolia. Phylogenomic analyses provided improved resolution for phylogenetic relationships. All genera were recovered as monophyletic, except for Goodyera and Hetaeria, which were each recovered as non-monophyletic. Nomenclatural changes are needed until the broader sampling and biparental inherited markers. This study provides a phylogenetic framework of Goodyerinae and insight into plastome evolution of Orchidaceae.
Assuntos
Genomas de Plastídeos , Orchidaceae , Sequência de Bases , Evolução Molecular , Orchidaceae/genética , Filogenia , Plastídeos/genéticaRESUMO
A new species of Goodyera (Orchidaceae) from Tibet, China, G.medogensis, is described and illustrated here. Molecular phylogenetic results based on one nuclear (ITS) and two plastid markers (matK and trnL-F) support the recognition of G.medogensis as a new species in GoodyerasubsectionReticulum. Morphologically, the novelty is most similar to G.biflora, G.vittata and especially to G.hemsleyana, but differs by the thick grid lines of the reticulations with a diffused margin on the adaxial surface of the leaf blades, the inflorescence with more flowers, the obliquely obovate-rhombic petals, the yellow or yellowish labellum without a lamella on the blade, and the shorter trichomes on the floral bracts, sepals and ovary. Finally, a key to the species of Goodyerasubsect.Reticulum in China is also provided.
RESUMO
A taxonomic synopsis of the orchid genus Pterichis in Ecuador is presented. All national representatives of this genus are characterized and their floral segments are illustrated. Four new species and two new varieties are described. An updated key to Ecuadorian Pterichis is provided. Plants of the genus are growing mostly as terrestrial herbs at the altitude of 2,300-4,110 m. Often two or more species co-occur in the area of 25 × 25 km. Their occurrence was reported from three ecoregions-the Eastern Cordillera real montane forests, the Northern Andean páramo and the Northwestern Andean montane forests. Seven Ecuadorian Pterichis are endemic.
RESUMO
The geographical range of the orchid genus Cranichis extends from USA, Central America, and the Caribbean to Bolivia and Argentina-with the greatest diversity observed in the Andean region. This taxon embraces herbs with the scape and basal leaves developing from a single, terminal bud and having the scape enclosed in several sheaths. The small, non-resupinate, flowers are arranged in a racemose inflorescence. The petals and lip are free from the column part and their gynostemium is short and massive. In this paper, the synopsis of Cranichis in Colombia is presented. Each species occurring in the country is characterized and illustrated. The information about habitat and distribution of national genus representatives are provided. Several groups of species that are very similar in their morphology are delineated to facilitate process of species identification. A total of 10 species are described here as new. Lectotypes for the six species Cranichis ciliata, C. fendleri, C. mandonii, C. tenuis, C. viereckii, and C. wageneri have been selected. Additionally, two new nomenclatorial combinations within Ocampoa are proposed.
RESUMO
The first complete plastid genome of Cheirostylis, Ch. chinensis, was assembled and analyzed in this study. The total genome was 147,218 bp in length, consisting of a large single-copy region (LSC) of 81,081 bp, a small single-copy region (SSC) of 14,769 bp, and two inverted repeat regions (IRA and IRB) of 25,684 bp. The genome contained 131 genes, including 38 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, 8 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and 85 protein-coding genes. Phylogenomic analysis indicated that Ch. chinensis nested within Goodyerinae.
RESUMO
Odontochilus putaoensis, a new species of Orchidaceae, is described and illustrated from Putao Township, Kachin State, Myanmar. Odontochilus putaoensis is close to O. duplex, but can be easily distinguished from the latter by having a light yellow lip, a bisaccate hypochile with a small, erect, blade-like and emarginate callus within each sac, a mesochile with a pair of dentate-pectinate flanges and a bilobed epichile with a pair of widely diverging lobes that are erect and concave. An identification key to the Southeast Asian species of Odontochilus and colour photographs of O. putaoensis are provided. A preliminary conservation assessment according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria is given for the new species.