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1.
BMC Med Educ ; 24(1): 816, 2024 Jul 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39075444

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Australian Rural Resident Medical Officer Cadetships are awarded to medical students interested in a rural medical career. The Rural Residential Medical Officer Cadetship Program (Cadetship Program) is administered by the Rural Doctors Network on behalf of the NSW Ministry of Health. This study aimed to assess the overall experience of medical students and key factors that contributed to their satisfaction with the Cadetship Program. METHODS: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among 107 former cadets who had completed the Cadetship Program. Data on medical students' experience with the Cadetship Program (outcome variable) and potential explanatory variables were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Explanatory variables included gender, geographical location, rural health club membership, rural clinical school attendance, financial support, mentorship benefits, networking opportunities, influence on career decisions, opportunity for preferential placements, and relocation. Both bivariate (Pearson's chi-squared test) and multiple logistic regression analysis were employed to identify the factors associated with medical students' overall experience with the Cadetship Program. The non-linear analysis was weighted to represent the rural/remote health workforce, in Stata/SE 14.1. RESULTS: Our results indicate that 91% of medical students were satisfied with the Cadetship Program. The logistic regression model identified two significant predictors of a positive experience with the Cadetship Program. Medical students who perceived financial support as beneficial were significantly more likely to report a satisfactory program experience (aOR = 6.22, 95% CI: 1.36-28.44, p = 0.019) than those who perceived financial support as not beneficial. Similarly, those who valued networking opportunities were more likely to have a positive view of their cadetship experience (aOR = 10.06, 95% CI: 1.11-91.06, p = 0.040) than their counterparts. CONCLUSION: Our study found that students who valued financial support and networking opportunities had the most positive views of the Cadetship Program. These findings demonstrate that the Cadetship Program may be most helpful for those who need financial support and for students who seek networking opportunities. These findings increase our knowledge about the characteristics of medical students who have the most positive experiences with the Cadetship Program. They help us to understand the mechanisms of influence of such programs on individuals' decisions to be part of the future rural health workforce.


Assuntos
Escolha da Profissão , Serviços de Saúde Rural , Estudantes de Medicina , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Masculino , Feminino , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Adulto , Inquéritos e Questionários , Internato e Residência , Satisfação Pessoal , Austrália , New South Wales
2.
Fam Process ; 2024 Aug 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39099313

RESUMO

The present study focuses on the role of family support to young adult children during COVID-19 in ameliorating the negative financial impact of the pandemic. Guided by the Conservation of Resources (COR) Theory of stress and coping, we conceptualize the negative financial impact due to COVID-19 as a source of financial stress that would be associated with lower levels of both financial wellbeing and positive outlook of young adults. We rely on data collected from a multinational sample of young adults (ages 18-30) from six countries (China, Italy, Lithuania, Portugal, Slovenia, US; N = 2102) over a 3-month period (July 2020-September 2020). We tested the potential effects of two types of support (i.e., parental financial support and family emotional support) using path analysis. While we find a consistent positive association between family emotional support and both financial wellbeing and positive outlook, we also find a consistent negative association between parental financial support and financial wellbeing, and a nonsignificant or negative association (Lithuania only) with a positive outlook. The significant interaction between COVID-19 financial impact and family emotional support on young adults' positive outlook reveals that the benefit of family emotional support is more evident when the negative financial impact is low or moderate. We discuss the implications of these findings in assisting young adults to cope with financial disruptions.

3.
BMC Nurs ; 23(1): 511, 2024 Jul 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39075519

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The nursing shortage is driven, in part, by the critical shortage of nursing faculty. Consequently, qualified potential nursing students are being turned away from nursing schools each year. The preeminent issue influencing the United States nurse faculty workforce shortage is salary; financial compensation is higher in clinical and private-sector settings than educational settings. The purpose of this study is to describe current full-time nurse faculty salary, sources of income, and perceived need for more income, as well as the feasibility and acceptability of research focused on full-time nurse faculty salaries, so to guide future nursing faculty workforce research. METHODS: Using a cross-sectional study design, full-time nursing faculty working in a Midwestern state in the United States completed a survey inclusive of fixed choice and free text response options focused on income (individual gross, faculty, and secondary), demographics, and feasibility/acceptability of the survey instrument. Descriptive statistics were used to describe salary, sources of income, and perceived need for additional income. Feasibility and acceptability were evaluated by descriptive statistics examining three feasibility and acceptability questions, and by comparing demographic differences between participants who answered income questions compared to those who did not using t tests, x2 tests, and Wilcoxon signed rank tests. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-three full-time nurse faculty completed the survey in six weeks, representing 27% of the full-time nurse faculty workforce in the state. Over half of participants, 57%, reported having another job(s) in addition to their full-time faculty position to support basic living expenses. Most respondents reported willingness to share financial/salary data and viewed the survey to be acceptable. CONCLUSIONS: Research focused on nursing faculty salaries was feasible and acceptable to those who chose to participate in the study. Perceived income needs may be an important factor driving career decisions for nursing faculty. Future research should focus on delineating how salary influences the decision to enter or stay in the nursing faculty workforce. Further, this study can inform policy recommendations on how to best measure and report nurse faculty salary and the gap between clinical salaries and faculty salaries.

4.
Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med ; 32(Special Issue 1): 664-669, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39003718

RESUMO

The topic of financial support for the development of healthcare is especially relevant today due to the fact that public health is the key to the successful functioning of the state system. The article examines the key areas of health care development and analyzes the expenditures of the budgets of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation on health care. The transformations in the healthcare system are aimed at optimizing the work of medical organizations providing primary health care, forming a system of continuous training of medical personnel and forming criteria for assessing the quality and accessibility of medical care.


Assuntos
Atenção à Saúde , Federação Russa , Humanos , Atenção à Saúde/economia , Atenção à Saúde/organização & administração , Atenção Primária à Saúde/economia , Atenção Primária à Saúde/organização & administração , Saúde Pública/economia
5.
Stroke ; 54(2): 632-638, 2023 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36533521

RESUMO

Randomized clinical trials of acute stroke have led to major advances in acute stroke therapy over the past decade. Despite these successes, recruitment in acute trials is often difficult. We outline challenges in recruitment for acute stroke trials and present potential solutions, which can increase the speed and decrease the cost of identifying new treatments for acute stroke. One of the largest opportunities to increase the speed of enrollment and make trials more generalizable is expansion of inclusion criteria whose impact on expected recruitment can be assessed by epidemiologic and registry databases. Another barrier to recruitment besides the number of eligible patients is availability of study investigators limited to business hours, which may be helped by financial support for after-hours call. The wider use of telemedicine has accelerated quicker stroke treatment at many hospitals and has the potential to accelerate research enrollment but requires training of clinical investigators who are often inexperienced with this approach. Other potential solutions to enhance recruitment include rapid prehospital notification of clinical investigators of potential patients, use of mobile stroke units, advances in the process of emergency informed consent, storage of study medication in the emergency department, simplification of study treatments and data collection, education of physicians to improve equipoise and enthusiasm for randomization of patients within a trial, and clear recruitment plans, and even potentially coenrollment, when there are competing trials at sites. Without successful recruitment, scientific advances and clinical benefit for acute stroke patients will lag.


Assuntos
Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Humanos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , Hospitais , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido
6.
Int J Equity Health ; 22(1): 46, 2023 03 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36918878

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The changes in demographic and family structures have weakened the traditional norms of filial piety and intergenerational relationships dramatically. This study aims to examine the dynamic association between financial support of adult children to their parents and informal care provision in China and its differences in household registration, residence arrangement and community-based care services. METHODS: Data was derived from the 2008-2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), which is a longitudinal survey of a nationally representative sample of individuals aged 60 and over. Random effects model was used to assess the association between financial support and informal care provision of adult children to their parents. RESULTS: It was found that financial support showed an upward trend while informal care provision showed a download trend from 2008 to 2018. The result indicated a significant and negative association between financial support and informal care provision of adult children to their parents (B = -0.500, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.761 to -0.239). And the association was significant among elderly people who were from urban areas (B = -0.628, 95% CI = -0.970 to -0.287), co-resided with adult children (B = -0.596, 95% CI = -0.939 to -0.253), and had community-based services (B = -0.659, 95% CI = -1.004 to -0.315). CONCLUSION: Financial support was negatively associated with informal care provision of adult children to their parents in China, and the association has differences in household registration, residence arrangement and community-based care services. It is suggested that policymakers should prioritize planning interventions for elderly care services and establish a family caregiver support system.


Assuntos
Filhos Adultos , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária , Apoio Comunitário , Características da Família , Apoio Financeiro , Pais , China , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Longitudinais
7.
Support Care Cancer ; 31(3): 159, 2023 Feb 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36773110

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The purpose of this exploratory sequential mixed methods study was to describe the sources of informal financial support used by adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors and how financial toxicity and demographic factors were associated with different types and magnitudes of informal financial support. METHODS: This analysis is part of a larger health insurance literacy study that included pre-trial interviews and a randomized controlled trial (RCT) for AYA cancer survivors. Eligible study participants were 18 years of age, diagnosed with cancer as an AYA (15-39 years), insured, and for the RCT sample less than 1 year from diagnosis. Interview audio was transcribed, quality checked, and thematically analyzed. RCT baseline and follow-up surveys captured informal financial support use. Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used to assess differences in informal financial support type use and frequency by financial toxicity and AYA demographics. RESULTS: A total of N = 24 and N = 86 AYAs participated in pre-trial interviews and the RCT respectively. Interview participants reported a variety of informal financial support sources including savings, community, family/friends, and fundraisers. However, only half of participants reported their informal financial support to be sufficient. High financial toxicity was associated with the most types of informal financial support and a higher magnitude of use. The lowest income group accessed informal financial supports less frequently than higher income groups. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that AYA survivors experiencing financial toxicity frequently turn to informal sources of financial support and the magnitude is associated with financial toxicity. However, low-income survivors, and other at-risk survivors, may not have access to informal sources of financial support potentially widening inequities.


Assuntos
Sobreviventes de Câncer , Neoplasias , Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , Adulto , Sobreviventes , Neoplasias/terapia , Seguro Saúde , Inquéritos e Questionários
8.
BMC Psychiatry ; 23(1): 853, 2023 11 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37978367

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: There were a few studies that examined the longitudinal association between living alone and depressive symptoms, and the vast majority of them were conducted in patients with certain diseases, such as heart failure, cancer, and glaucoma. This study aimed to examine the association between living alone and depressive symptoms in a large representative older Chinese population. METHODS: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data from 2015 to 2018 were used. Living alone was defined as participants who did not live with others ever or more than 11 months in the past year at baseline. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D10). The multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between living alone and depressive symptoms. RESULTS: There were 5,311 and 2,696 participants ≥ 60 years old included in the cross-sectional and cohort analysis, respectively. The risk of depressive symptoms in participants who lived alone was significantly higher than those who lived with others in both cross-sectional (OR:1.33; 95%CI:1.14,1.54) and cohort analysis (OR:1.23; 95%CI:0.97,1.55). There was a significant interaction between financial support and living alone (Pinteraction = 0.008) on the risk of depressive symptoms. Stratified analyses showed that, compared to those who lived with others, the risk of depressive symptoms in participants who lived alone increased by 83% (OR:1.83; 95%CI:1.26,2.65) in participants receiving lower financial support. However, we did not find statistically significant associations in participants with medium (OR:1.10; 95%CI: 0.74,1.63) and higher financial support (OR: 0.87; 95%CI: 0.53,1.41). CONCLUSION: Living alone was associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms in the Chinese older population, and this association was moderated by the receipt of financial support. Living alone may be an effective and easy predictor for early identification of high-risk populations of depression in the older population.


Assuntos
Depressão , Aposentadoria , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Longitudinais , Depressão/diagnóstico , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/complicações , Estudos Transversais , Ambiente Domiciliar , Estudos de Coortes , China/epidemiologia
9.
BMC Womens Health ; 23(1): 366, 2023 07 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37430247

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Although there may be theoretical support linking positive health outcomes with cancer disclosure to social networks, women from contexts such as Ghana where cancer is not openly talked about may have concerns around breast cancer disclosure. Women may not be able to share their experiences about their diagnosis, which may prevent them from receiving support. This study aimed to obtain the views of Ghanaian women diagnosed with breast cancer about factors contributing to (non) disclosure. METHODS: This study is based on secondary findings from an ethnographic study that employed participant observation and semi-structured face to face interviews. The study was conducted at a breast clinic in a Teaching Hospital in southern Ghana. 16 women diagnosed with breast cancer (up to stage 3); five relatives nominated by these women and ten healthcare professionals (HCPs) participated in the study. Factors contributing to breast cancer (non) disclosure were explored. Data were analysed using a thematic approach. RESULTS: The analysis indicated that most of the women and family members were very reticent about breast cancer disclosure and were secretive with distant relatives and wider social networks. Whilst remaining silent about their cancer diagnosis helped women protect their identities, prevented spiritual attack, and bad advice, the need for emotional and financial support for cancer treatment triggered disclosure to close family, friends, and pastors. Some women were discouraged from persevering with conventional treatment following disclosure to their close relatives. CONCLUSIONS: Breast cancer stigma and fears around disclosure hindered women from disclosing to individuals in their social networks. Women disclosed to their close relatives for support, but this was not always safe. Health care professionals are well placed to explore women's concerns and facilitate disclosure within safe spaces to enhance engagement with breast cancer care services.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Gana , Revelação , Rede Social , Mama
10.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl ; 62(47): e202312599, 2023 Nov 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37821726

RESUMO

Cephalotaxus diterpenoids are attractive natural products with intriguing molecular frameworks and promising biological features. As a structurally unusual member, (-)-cephalotanin B possesses an extraordinarily congested heptacyclic skeleton, three lactone units, and nine consecutive stereocenters. Herein, we report an enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-cephalotanin B based on a divergent asymmetric Michael addition reaction, a novel Pauson-Khand/deacyloxylation process discovered in the development of a second-generation stereoselective Pauson-Khand reaction protocol, and an epoxide-opening/elimination/dual-lactonization cascade to construct the challenging propeller-shaped A-B-C ring system as key transformations.

11.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl ; 62(37): e202306751, 2023 Sep 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37483166

RESUMO

Designing polymeric systems with ultra-high optical activity is instrumental in the pursuit of smart artificial chiroptical materials, including the fundamental understanding of structure/property relations. Herein, we report a diacetylene (DA) moiety flanked by chiral D- and L-FF dipeptide methyl esters that exhibits efficient topochemical photopolymerization in the solid phase to furnish polydiacetylene (PDA) with desired control over the chiroptical properties. The doping of the achiral gold nanoparticles provides plasmonic interaction with the PDAs to render asymmetric shape to the circular dichroism bands. With the judicious design of the chiral amino acid ligand appended to the AuNPs, we demonstrate the first example of selective chiral amplification mediated by stereo-structural matching of the polymer-plasmonic AuNP hybrid pairs. Such ordered self-assembly aided by topochemical polymerization in peptide-tethered PDA provides a smart strategy to produce soft responsive materials for applications in chiral photonics.

12.
Trends Genet ; 35(3): 173-174, 2019 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30587379

RESUMO

The living stock collections represent an indispensable resource for life scientists. Their uninterrupted operation should combine high quality standards, cost-effectiveness, wide accessibility, and sustainability. Mammalian stock collections, especially those involving diversified animals, face some unique challenges that may disrupt their smooth operation if not addressed.


Assuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica/tendências , Mamíferos/genética , Peromyscus/genética , Animais , Coleções como Assunto
13.
World Dev ; 153: 105828, 2022 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35169351

RESUMO

The economic crisis created by the COVID-19 pandemic induced many governments to provide financial assistance to households. Using representative consumer surveys conducted during the pandemic in 2020, we examine the effects of this fiscal policy instrument on households in two emerging economies, Thailand and Vietnam. Our paper contributes to the literature by studying how consumer sentiment and durable spending relate to receiving government financial support and the underlying transmission channels for these responses. We find that financial support to households is related to more positive consumer sentiment and increases in actual and planned durable spending, while also being correlated with a more optimistic macroeconomic outlook, higher trust in the government, and higher personal well-being.

14.
Public Adm Dev ; 2022 Jun 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35942435

RESUMO

This manuscript investigates the unsuccessful case of the fiscal decentralization policy implemented by the Brazilian central government to help municipalities fight COVID-19. Based on quantitative analyses of data available on governmental websites, we identified that the transfer policy had ignored municipalities' risk patterns and income changes. It benefited municipalities regardless of their vulnerability and population infection risks, and many municipalities reduced healthcare expenditures funded by their revenues during the pandemic. Hence, some municipalities made a "pandemic surplus" in 2020 - a municipal electoral year. Indeed, COVID-19 killed 663,694 people in Brazil until 4 May 2022. Lessons from an unsuccessful case of response to COVID-19 help develop resilience for other crises by emerging market economies and developing countries. The findings have implications for policymakers and literature since they represent inadequate vertical coordination that followed a path dependence on traditional decentralization policies and took place in a year of municipal elections without clear spending and accountability rules.

15.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36385062

RESUMO

The article deals with organizational and managerial problems of projects in the field of medical charity. The development of the sector of non-profit organizations in the medical field today is due to the fact that the effective activity of the state is ensured by the stable development of the social sphere. The importance of charitable projects in the field of medicine is one of the important resources aimed at increasing the availability of medical care to needy categories of citizens around the world. Accessibility of medical care is achieved due to a complex of factors, among which a significant role is given to the capabilities of medical organizations themselves. Due to the fact that financial support has its limitations, charitable projects in the medical field become a resource that allows you to regulate the availability of medical care. The activities of charitable organizations in the medical field in modern conditions require the involvement of significant resources and the formation of an organizational and managerial mechanism for the development of projects in the field of assistance to those in need. The analysis of organizational and managerial aspects of the development of projects in the field of medical charity and the development of proposals for improving the activities of charitable organizations are the purpose of this work.


Assuntos
Instituições de Caridade , Medicina , Instituições de Caridade/organização & administração , Humanos
16.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36385087

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The resource provision of the capital's healthcare system in general and each medical organization in particular is the leading structural component that increases the availability and quality of medical care Reproduction and maintenance of citizens' health can be viewed from the perspective of combining the fundamental triad of resources - human, logistical and financial - in order to achieve the final product - the implementation of medical care to the population. One of the independent types of resource provision in most socio-economic systems, including healthcare, includes financial resources - a form that forms the infrastructure of medical organizations (medical equipment, equipment, devices, etc.) that can be used not only to carry out medical activities directly related to treatment and prevention, but also to conduct scientific research in various subject areas of medical science. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Information from the Moscow Government Portal «Open Budget of the City of Moscow¼ and the official website of the Mayor of Moscow were used to conduct the study. After data collection and aggregation, statistical, comparative and graphical analysis methods were used for their processing in order to construct dynamic time series. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In the course of the study, the study of the main regulatory documents regulating the healthcare sector at the federal level and at the level of the city of Moscow was carried out. The study describes the current state of the capital's healthcare sector in terms of the regulatory framework and funding allocated for the development, expansion and modernization of the capital's healthcare infrastructure, as well as the features and main results of the purchase of medical equipment and equipment under life cycle contracts. CONCLUSION: Information on financing, on purchased medical equipment, devices and equipment, on the number and parameters of the functioning of the capital's healthcare infrastructure will allow analyzing and improving the work of medical organizations, implementing operational and predictive management in order to improve the quality, effectiveness and efficiency of the healthcare sector of the city of Moscow.


Assuntos
Atenção à Saúde , Instalações de Saúde , Humanos , Moscou
17.
Psychooncology ; 30(6): 844-852, 2021 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33507560

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To examine current financial status, changes before and after bereavement, and their effects on possible major depressive disorder (MDD) and complicated grief (CG) among bereaved family members of patients with cancer. METHODS: We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional questionnaire survey on 787 bereaved family members of patients with cancer in 71 palliative care institutions in Japan from May to July 2016. The survey assessed perceived level of concern regarding current financial status and whether it changed after bereavement. We also collected information on demographic factors and assessed the possible MDD and CG using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Brief Grief Questionnaire, respectively. We then conducted bivariate analysis to examine the relationship between these factors and financial status. RESULTS: A total of 491 (62%) questionnaires were returned. The majority of the participants (n = 382, 78%) reported having no or mild concerns about their livelihood, whereas 19% (n = 95) had moderate to severe concerns. Regarding the change in financial status after bereavement, 7% (n = 35) reported improvement, 28% (n = 131) reported worsening, and 65% (n = 308) reported no change. The prevalences of possible MDD and CG were 22% (n = 108) and 9% (n = 41), respectively, and were significantly lower among participants with less concern regarding their livelihood and whose financial status had not changed after bereavement (both p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: About one-fifth of the bereaved family members reported financial difficulties to some extent; these were significantly associated with MDD and CG. These findings provide evidence of the need for psychosocial support including financial consultation for bereaved family members.


Assuntos
Luto , Transtorno Depressivo Maior , Neoplasias , Estudos Transversais , Família , Pesar , Humanos , Inquéritos e Questionários
18.
J Surg Oncol ; 123(5): 1188-1198, 2021 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33592128

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted cancer care globally. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on cancer healthcare from the perspective of patients with cancer. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between June 19, 2020, to August 7, 2020, using a questionnaire designed by patients awaiting cancer surgery. We examined the impact of COVID-19 on five domains (financial status, healthcare access, stress, anxiety, and depression) and their relationship with various patient-related variables. Factors likely to determine the influence of COVID-19 on patient care were analyzed. RESULTS: A significant adverse impact was noted in all five domains (p = < 0.05), with the maximal impact felt in the domain of financial status followed by healthcare access. Patients with income levels of INR < 35 K (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.61, p < 0.05), and 35K- 100 K (AOR = 1.96, p < 0.05), married patients (AOR = 3.30, p < 0.05), and rural patients (AOR = 2.82, p < 0.05) experienced the most adverse COVID-19-related impact. CONCLUSION: Delivering quality cancer care in low to middle-income countries is a challenge even in normal times. During this pandemic, deficiencies in this fragile healthcare delivery system were exacerbated. Identification of vulnerable groups of patients and strategic utilization of available resources becomes even more important during global catastrophes, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. Further work is required in these avenues to not only address the current pandemic but also any potential future crises.


Assuntos
COVID-19/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , COVID-19/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/psicologia , Pobreza , Oncologia Cirúrgica/normas , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
19.
BMC Womens Health ; 21(1): 299, 2021 08 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34399751

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological data on the prevalence and factors associated with sexual violence is critical to understanding the magnitude of the problem and designing effective interventions. Drawing from cross-sectional data from a South African university, we examined the prevalence and correlates of sexual violence among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). METHODS: We analysed data of 451 AGYW selected using stratified sampling. Sexual violence was defined as any sexual acts, and attempt to obtain sexual acts without consent. We used adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression models to examine the factors associated with exposure to sexual violence while controlling for relevant covariates. RESULTS: The lifetime and past-year prevalence of sexual violence was 37.9% and 25.3%, respectively. A higher prevalence of sexual violence was reported by heavy episodic drinkers of alcohol (lifetime 48.4% and past year 34.0%), those who received insufficient financial support (lifetime 58.0% and past year 35.8%) compared to non-users of alcohol (lifetime 27.2% and past year 17.2%),) and those who received adequate financial support (lifetime 20.8% and past year 13.1%). AGYW who reported heavy episodic use of alcohol had higher odds of reporting lifetime (AOR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.07-3.25) and past year (AOR: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.10-3.75) experience of sexual violence compared to non-users. However, individuals who received adequate family financial support were 76% and 65% less likely to report lifetime and past year experience of sexual violence than those who received inadequate family financial support. Also, AGYW who rated themselves as very religious were 80% and 75% less likely to report lifetime and past year experience of sexual violence compared to those who were not religious. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that sexual violence affects a large proportion of girls, requiring intervention that not only focuses on increasing social support for survivors, facilitating reporting, and ensuring perpetrators are convicted, but also target alcohol use reduction and poverty alleviation.


Assuntos
Delitos Sexuais , Universidades , Adolescente , População Negra , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco
20.
J Occup Rehabil ; 31(3): 455-462, 2021 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33656699

RESUMO

Purpose To determine if losing work during the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with mental and physical health status. To determine if social interactions and financial resources moderate the relationship between work loss and health. Methods Participants were Australians aged 18 + years that were employed in paid work prior to the COVID-19 pandemic who responded to an online or telephone survey from 27th March to 12th June 2020 as part of a prospective longitudinal cohort study. Outcome measures include Kessler-6 score > 18 indicating high psychological distress, and Short Form 12 (SF-12) mental health or physical health component score < = 45 indicating poor mental or physical health. Results The cohort consisted of 2,603 respondents, including groups who had lost their job (N = 541), were not working but remained employed (N = 613), were working less (N = 660), and whose work was unaffected (N = 789). Three groups experiencing work loss had greater odds of high psychological distress (AOR = 2.22-3.66), poor mental (AOR = 1.78-2.27) and physical health (AOR = 2.10-2.12) than the unaffected work group. Poor mental health was more common than poor physical health. The odds of high psychological distress (AOR = 5.43-8.36), poor mental (AOR = 1.92-4.53) and physical health (AOR = 1.93-3.90) were increased in those reporting fewer social interactions or less financial resources. Conclusion Losing work during the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with mental and physical health problems, and this relationship is moderated by social interactions and financial resources. Responses that increase financial security and enhance social connections may alleviate the health impacts of work loss. Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12620000857909.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Nível de Saúde , Saúde Mental , Pandemias , Desemprego/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Austrália/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto Jovem
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