RESUMO
N-glycans play important roles in a variety of biological processes. In recent years, analytical technologies with high resolution and sensitivity have advanced exponentially, enabling analysts to investigate N-glycomic changes in different states. Specific glycan and glycosylation signatures have been identified in multiple diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, nervous system disorders, and metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. These glycans demonstrate comparable or superior indicating capability in disease diagnosis and prognosis over routine biomarkers. Moreover, synchronous glycan alterations concurrent with disease initiation and progression provide novel insights into pathogenetic mechanisms and potential treatment targets. This review elucidates the biological significance of N-glycans, compares the existing glycomic technologies, and delineates the clinical performance of N-glycans across a range of diseases.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores , Glicômica , Polissacarídeos , Humanos , Polissacarídeos/metabolismo , Polissacarídeos/análise , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Glicômica/métodos , Glicosilação , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Doenças Autoimunes/metabolismo , Doenças Autoimunes/diagnóstico , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/metabolismo , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/diagnóstico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Metabólicas/metabolismo , Doenças Metabólicas/diagnósticoRESUMO
Antibody glycosylation has received considerable attention in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections and recently also in vaccination. Antibody glycosylation and in particular immunoglobulin G1 fucosylation levels influence effector functions and are therefore key parameters for assessing the efficacy and safety of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) directed immune responses. This review article summarizes and interprets recent research into antibody glycosylation in COVID-19. Experimental approaches for analyzing the glycosylation of SARS-CoV-2-directed antibody responses are evaluated. The pronounced dynamics, effector functions, clinical utility, and regulation of antibody glycosylation in COVID-19 are assessed. Future research on the role of antibody glycosylation in COVID may cover the glycosylation of other antibody classes beyond immunoglobulin G, the regulation of antibody glycosylation, and the role of non-canonical antibody receptors in determining effector functions.