A gender invariant model of disgust propensity in blood-injection-injury phobia in Latina/o individuals.

Latinas/os have been underrepresented in research investigating the role of disgust propensity in phobias. The current study was the first to examine associations between disgust propensity and Blood-Injection-Injury (BII) phobia, when acculturation was controlled for, in Latina/o Americans (n = 376). A structural model was developed with a BII fear latent variable consisting of fears of injection, blood, and sharp objects (causing injuries). The disgust propensity latent variable was formed with three domains of core, animal reminder, and contamination disgust elicitors. In the model, disgust propensity predicted BII fear when controlling for acculturation. A series of measurement and structural invariance tests demonstrated that the model was invariant between males and females. The current findings supported the hypothesis that disgust plays a role in BII fear symptoms similarly in Latinas and Latinos. The findings are expected to improve our understanding of mechanisms and treatment approaches for BII phobia symptoms in this underserved cultural group.

The impact of home-school cultural value conflicts and President Trump on Latina/o first-generation college students' attentional control.

Around the world, people migrate from poorer countries with less educational opportunity to richer ones with greater educational opportunity. In this journey, they bring their family obligation values into societies that value individual achievement. This process can create home-school cultural value conflict-conflict between family and academic obligations-for the children of Latina/o immigrants who attend universities in the United States. We hypothesised that this conflict causes cognitive disruption. One-hundred sixty-one Latina/o first-generation university students (called college students in the United States) were randomly assigned to one of four experimental prompts; thereafter, the students engaged in an attentional control task (i.e., the Stroop test). For Latina/o students living close to home, prompting a home-school cultural value conflict was more deleterious to attentional control than the other conditions. In addition, across all Latina/o students, a comparison of performance before and after President Trump's election and inauguration showed that prompting family obligation (without mention of conflict) led to a significantly greater loss of attentional control after Trump was elected and inaugurated, compared with before Trump. We hypothesise that this effect resulted from Trump's threats and actions to deport undocumented Latina/o immigrants, thus making fear about the fate of family members more salient and cognitively disruptive.

Comiendo Bien: The Production of Latinidad through the Performance of Healthy Eating among Latino Immigrant Families in San Francisco.

Utilizing a bricolage of interactionist cultural studies, ethnic foodways, and situational analysis this paper examines how Latino immigrants, representing six countries and multiple preimmigration class positions, come to perform Latinidad through the lay health practice of comiendo bien (eating well). Comiendo bien was examined through participant observation of 15 families living in San Francisco and 27 key informant interviews. Comiendo bien is a performance that exists through the convergence of multiple identity positions. Latina/o immigrants not only enact the Latinidad in the United States through artistic expression or political strategizing, but also by sharing an idealized practice of healthy eating.

Neighborhood characteristics and ataque de nervios: the role of neighborhood violence.

Ataque de nervios is a Latina/o idiom of distress that may occur as a culturally sanctioned response to acute stressful experiences, particularly relating to grief, threat, family conflict, and a breakdown in social networks. The contextual factors associated with ataque de nervios have received little attention in research. This study examined the association between neighborhood factors and the experience of ataque de nervios among a sample of Latinas/os participating in the Latino Health and Well-Being Project in the northeastern United States. We examined the association between neighborhood cohesion, safety, trust, and violence and ataque de nervios. In multivariate logistic regression models, neighborhood violence was associated with ataque de nervios (p = .02), with each unit increase in the neighborhood violence scale being associated with 1.36 times greater odds of experiencing ataque de nervios. None of the other neighborhood variables were significantly associated with ataque de nervios. The positive association between neighborhood violence and the experience of ataque de nervios makes a further case for policy efforts and other investments to reduce neighborhood violence.

Correlates and Predictors of Chronicity among Adolescents Living in Puerto Rico With a History of Depressive Symptoms.

Chronic depression (CD) among Hispanic/Latina(o) youths has been understudied, although chronicity is the biggest risk factor for treatment-resistant depression. We examined CD correlates and predictors among 291 youths (aged 12-18 years) living in Puerto Rico with a history of depressive symptoms. They completed the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), the Depressive Symptoms Spectrum Assessment Inventory (DSSAI), and the Brief Structured Diagnostic Measure for Depression. We explored CD correlates using Odds Ratios adjusted for CDI-Total scores. With multiple logistic regression, we identified optimal predictors of a history of chronic depressive symptoms (HCDS) or any chronic depressive disorder (HACDD). Living zone (rural), history of depressive disorder, household size (< 4), age of onset of symptoms (< 13 years), death/suicidal thoughts at the first episode, antidepressants use, and scores ≥ 84th percentile in the DSSAI-Anhedonia subscale, accounted for 37% of HCDS variance. The latter five variables and socioeconomic status (lower-middle/low) best distinguished HACDD and episodic disorders (R 2 = .331). Identifying factors that distinguish chronic and episodic depression among Hispanic/Latina(o) youths may help to improve their diagnosis, access to and quality of care, as well as treatment selection, tailoring, and outcomes.

La depresión crónica (DC) juvenil se ha estudiado poco entre hispanas(os)/latinas(os), aun siendo factor de riesgo principal para la resistencia al tratamiento. Examinamos los correlatos y predictores de DC entre 291 jóvenes (de12­18 años) residentes en Puerto Rico con historial de síntomas depresivos. Estas(os) completaron el Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), el Inventario de Evaluación del Espectro de la Sintomatología Depresiva (INEESD) y la Evaluación Diagnóstica Estructurada Breve para la Depresión. Exploramos los correlatos de DC utilizando Odds Ratios ajustados por el CDI-Total. Utilizando regresión logística múltiple, identificamos predictores óptimos del historial de síntomas depresivos crónicos (HSDC) o cualquier trastorno depresivo crónico (HCTDC). Variables como zona de vivienda (rural), historial de trastornos depresivos, tamaño del hogar (< 4), edad de inicio de síntomas (< 13 años), pensamientos suicidas/mórbidos en el primer episodio, usar antidepresivos y puntuaciones ≥ al percentil 84 del INEESD-Subescala de Anhedonia explicaron 37% de la varianza del HSDC. Las últimas cinco variables y el nivel socioeconómico (medio-bajo/bajo) distinguieron mejor entre HCTDC y trastornos episódicos (R 2 = .331). Identificar factores discriminadores de DC vs. episódica entre jóvenes hispanas(os)/latinas(os) puede ayudar a mejorar su diagnóstico, acceso y calidad de servicios, así como la selección, adaptación y rendimiento del tratamiento.

From undocumented to lawfully present: Do changes to legal status impact psychological wellbeing among latino immigrant young adults?

Exclusionary immigration policies, as a form of structural racism, have led to a sizeable undocumented population that is largely barred from access to resources in the United States. Existing research suggests that undocumented immigration status detrimentally impacts mobility, yet few studies have tested the impacts of legal status on psychological wellbeing. Most importantly, we know little about how changes to legal status impact wellbeing. Announced in 2012, the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program allows eligible undocumented youth to apply for temporary lawful status. Drawing on cross-sectional survey data from 487 Latino immigrant young adults in California collected in 2014 and 2015, we analyze the predictors of three specialized outcomes related to immigrants' psychological wellbeing-distress, negative emotions, and deportation worry before and after a transition from undocumented to lawfully present status. Results show that retrospective reports of past psychological wellness, when all respondents were undocumented, are predicted primarily by socioeconomic status. However, reports of current psychological wellness are predicted by DACA status. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, the positive emotional consequences of transitioning out of undocumented status for immigrant young adults.