Physical job demands in pregnancy and associated musculoskeletal health and employment outcomes: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: A decline in musculoskeletal health during pregnancy is an underappreciated adverse outcome of pregnancy that can have immediate and long-term health consequences. High physical job demands are known risk factors for nontraumatic musculoskeletal disorders in the general working population. Evidence from meta-analyses suggest that occupational lifting and prolonged standing during pregnancy may increase risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This systematic review examined associations between occupational lifting or postural load in pregnancy and associated musculoskeletal disorders and related sequalae. DATA SOURCES: Five electronic databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, NIOSHTIC-2, and Ergonomic Abstracts) were searched from 1990 to July 2022 for studies in any language. A Web of Science snowball search was performed in December 2022. Reference lists were manually reviewed. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Eligible studies reported associations between occupational lifting or postural load and musculoskeletal health or sequelae (eg, employment outcomes) among pregnant and postpartum workers. METHODS: Data were extracted using a customized form to document study and sample characteristics; and details of exposures, outcomes, covariates, and analyses. Investigators independently assessed study quality for 7 risk-of-bias domains and overall utility, with discrepant ratings resolved through discussion. A narrative synthesis was conducted due to heterogeneity. RESULTS: Sixteen studies (11 cohort studies, 2 nested case-control studies, and 3 cross-sectional studies) from 8 countries were included (N=142,320 pregnant and N=1744 postpartum workers). Limited but consistent evidence with variable quality ratings, ranging from critical concern to high, suggests that pregnant workers exposed to heavy lifting (usually defined as ≥22 lbs or ≥10 kg) may be at increased risk of functionally limiting pelvic girdle pain and antenatal leave. Moreover, reports of dose-response relationships suggest graded risk levels according to lifting frequency, ranging from 21% to 45% for pelvic girdle pain and 58% to 202% for antenatal leave. Limited but consistent evidence also suggests that postural load increases the risk of employment cessation. CONCLUSION: Limited but consistent evidence suggests that pregnant workers exposed to heavy lifting and postural load are at increased risk of pelvic girdle pain and employment cessation. Job accommodations to reduce exposure levels may promote safe sustainable employment for pregnant workers.

Work-related musculoskeletal complaints and ergonomic risk factors among Egyptian anesthesiologists: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Anesthesiologists are vulnerable to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) due to sustained repetitive movements and awkward postures. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of WMSDs among anesthesiologists and to evaluate its association with ergonomic risk factors. METHODS: A convenience sample of 380 Egyptian anesthesiologists were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study through an electronic questionnaire. Data were collected from May to August 2022 and involved questions about participants' demographic, health, and work-related characteristics; the ergonomic risks and perceived hazards; and the musculoskeletal complaints during the past 12 months and 7 days - using Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate statistical analyses were used to estimate the prevalence of MSD and identify its determinants in the studied sample. RESULTS: A total of 215 anesthesiologists were included in this study, with a 56.8% response rate, 66% males with an average age of 38 (± 0.7) years. 21% were resident physicians, 47% were specialists, and 32% were consultants. The 12-month prevalence of MSD among anesthesiologists was 71.6% (95% CI: 65.6- 77.7%). Multivariate analysis showed that the main determinants of MSD among the studied sample were age of 45-years and older (OR: 3.22, 95% CI: 1.21-8.52, p = 0.018), regular physical exercise (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.10-0.65, p = 0.005), insufficient rest time between procedures (OR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.15-4.41, p = 0.018), and three or more awkward postures of the trunk (OR: 3.55, 95% CI: 1.43-8.82, p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights a high prevalence of WMSDs among Egyptian anesthesiologists, linked to advancing age, lack of regular exercise, insufficient rest between procedures, and frequent awkward postures. Addressing these ergonomic risk factors through targeted workplace interventions is crucial for promoting the overall well-being of anesthesiologists and ensuring the provision of safe anesthesia services.

The impact of cardiorespiratory fitness and physical workload on disability pension-a cohort study of Swedish men.

OBJECTIVE: Understanding the impact of physical capacity in combination with high physical workload could be beneficial for the prevention of health-related exits from work. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the separate and combined effects of low cardiorespiratory fitness and high physical workload on disability pension (DP) due to any cause, musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). METHODS: A total of 279 353 men born between 1951 and 1961 were followed regarding DP between 2006 and 2020, ages 45-64. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed during military conscription, using an ergometer bicycle test. Physical workload was based on a job-exposure matrix (JEM) linked to occupational title in 2005. Cox regression models estimated separate and combined associations with DP. RESULTS: Low cardiorespiratory fitness and high physical workload were associated with increased risk of DP. For all cause DP, the fully adjusted hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval for those with low cardiorespiratory fitness was 1.38 (1.32-1.46) and for those with high physical workload 1.48 (1.39-1.57). For all cause and MSD DP, but not for CVD DP, the combination of low cardiorespiratory fitness and high physical workload resulted in higher risks than when adding the effect of the single exposures. CONCLUSION: Both low cardiorespiratory fitness in youth and later exposure to high physical workload were associated with an increased risk of DP, where workers with the combination of both low cardiorespiratory fitness and a high physical workload had the highest risks (all-cause and MSD DP).

Prevalence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among physical therapists in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

BACKGROUND: Understanding risk factors linked to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) is crucial for enhancing health promotion and ensuring workplace safety among healthcare professionals particularly physical therapists (PTs). However, in Vietnam, there has been lack of an investigation. Therefore, this study was to determine whether potential risk factors contributed to the occurrence of WMSDs among PTs in Ho Chi Minh City. METHOD: An online self-reported questionnaire for WMSDs comprising the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), Job-risk and Environmental factors, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4) and the coping strategies, were distributed to PTs. They were enrolled if they had: age ≥ 22 years, graduated from PT program, a full-time job with ≥1 year of experience. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined using Logistic regression. RESULTS: Our study found that within the past 12 months, the prevalence of WMSDs was 76.4% (n = 204/267): neck 58.4% and lower back 57.3%. PTs aged 22-29 years, < 4 years of education, and < 7 years of working experience were more likely to have WMSDs 2-3 times than those who did not. After adjusting for age, education, and work experience, PTs who engaged in manual techniques/exercises, lifting/transferring patients, and maintaining awkward postures were 5-7 times more likely to have WMSDs in the neck and lower back than those who did not. Environmental and psychological factors, such as number of treatment tables, size of electrotherapy rooms, using PTs modalities, and stress were significantly associated with WMSDs. More than 50% of PTs used modified positions and new treatment/techniques that did not aggravate their symptoms, as coping strategies. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates potential risk factors associated with WMSDs, affecting the neck and lower back among PTs in Vietnam. These risk factors should be addressed to improve overall PTs health, retain skilled workers, and encourage them to continue working.

Physical therapy interventions for people experiencing homelessness to improve pain and self-perceived health status.

BACKGROUND: Homeless shelters have emerged as components of the social services network, playing an important role in providing health care to the homeless population. The aim of this study was to evaluate an individualized physical therapy intervention for people experiencing homelessness and to determine the relationship between self-perceived variables. METHODS: Pre and post study, setting at the "Santa y Real Hermandad de Nuestra Señora del Refugio y Piedad" homeless shelter in Zaragoza, Spain. Participants were people experiencing homelessness with musculoskeletal disorders who attended a physical therapy service at shelter facilities. A physical therapy program was implemented including health education, exercise and manual therapy, electrotherapy, thermotherapy and bandaging. Demographic variables (age and gender), nationality, employment situation, educational level, pain location, number of painful areas, feeling of loneliness (3-Item Loneliness Scale; values from 3 to 9), pain intensity (Numerical Pain Rating Scale [NPRS]; from 0 to 10) and self-perceived health (Clinical Global Impression [CGI]; from 1 to 7). RESULTS: Sixty-four homeless people (age of 46.4 ± 10.9 years) participated in the study. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 98.4% of subjects, with moderate pain intensities (6.1), and 48.4% presenting with pain at multiple sites. Perceptions of loneliness were low (3.7 ± 2.5) and self-perceived health status was moderately ill (3.5 ± 1.7). Positive significant correlations were identified between pain intensity and self-perceived health. The average number of sessions was 1.5 (± 0.8), with manual therapy (35.6%) followed by health education (23.5%) being the most frequently used techniques. Both pain and self-perceived health improved after treatment, even following a brief intervention. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the potentially negative impact of untreated pain on the self-perceived health of homeless individuals with musculoskeletal disorders that should be targeted for consideration. The findings suggest that a paradigm shift in pain management, including a physical therapy service in shelters, is needed to address the rehabilitation demands of these individuals in a real-life context. This study was approved by the Aragon Ethics Committee (PI19/438) and performed according to the Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Nonrandomized Designs (TREND) statement.

Musculoskeletal System and Gait Characteristics in Patients with Osteogenesis imperfecta.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to assess the muscoloskeletal system and spatiotemporal gait parameters of patients in three types of osteogenesis imperfecta. DESIGN STUDY: Retrospective observational study. SETTINGS: The Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Memorial Health Institute in Warsaw, Poland. PARTICIPANTS: This study investigated individuals with various types of osteogenesis imperfecta: 33 with osteogenesis imperfecta I (aged 13.9), 16 with osteogenesis imperfecta III (aged 10.4), and 14 with osteogenesis imperfecta IV (aged, 15.8), as well as a reference group of 400 healthy individuals. MAIN MEASURES: The musculoskeletal assessment included: medical record review, clinical evaluation, functional tests, long bone deformity assessment via clinical and X-ray examination, and objective gait analysis with the Vicon Motion Systems (Ltd, Oxford, UK). RESULTS: The study revealed notable differences in clinical presentation, deformities within the musculoskeletal system, gait parameters across the various types of osteogenesis imperfecta (p < 0.001). The most affected gait parameters were: cadence, gait speed and step length. The greatest deformities of lower limbs and spine were presented in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta type III. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are significant for understanding gait abnormalities in osteogenesis imperfecta patients and designing customized physiotherapy programs to help them participate fully in daily life. Improvement of muscle strength is one of the key for easier engagement in activities like walking or stair-climbing.

Effectiveness of Neural Mobilisation on Pain Intensity, Functional Status, and Physical Performance in Adults with Musculoskeletal Pain - A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate up-to-date evidence of the effectiveness of neural mobilisation techniques compared with any type of comparator in improving pain, function, and physical performance in people with musculoskeletal pain. DATA SOURCES: The following sources were consulted: PubMed, Web of Science, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Scopus, and PEDro databases; scientific repositories; and clinical trial registers. The last search was performed on 01/06/2023. METHODS: Two reviewers independently assessed the studies for inclusion. We included randomised, quasi-randomised, and crossover trials on musculoskeletal pain in which at least one group received neural mobilisation (alone or as part of multimodal interventions). Meta-analyses were performed where possible. The RoB 2 and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation tools were used to assess risk of bias and to rate the certainty of evidence, respectively. RESULTS: Thirty-nine trials were identified. There was a significant effect favouring neural mobilisation for pain and function in people with low back pain, but not for flexibility. For neck pain, there was a significant effect favouring neural mobilisation as part of multimodal interventions for pain, but not for function and range of motion. Regarding other musculoskeletal conditions, it was not possible to conclude whether neural mobilisation is effective in improving pain and function. There was very low confidence for all effect estimates. CONCLUSIONS: Neural mobilisation as part of multimodal interventions appears to have a positive effect on pain for patients with low back pain and neck pain and on function in people with low back pain. For the other musculoskeletal conditions, results are inconclusive.

Exercise treatments for lumbar spinal stenosis: A systematic review and intervention component analysis of randomised controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the components used in exercise interventions for people with symptoms of neurogenic claudication due to lumbar spinal stenosis and identify components associated with successful interventions. DATA SOURCES: Eligible papers published up to April 2023 from MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and trial registry websites. REVIEW METHODS: Literature searches were performed by an Information Specialist. We searched for randomised trials evaluating exercise interventions for people with neurogenic claudication symptoms (the primary symptom of lumbar spinal stenosis). Two authors independently performed study selection, data extraction, and quality assessments using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool Version 2 and the TIDieR checklist for intervention reporting. Details of intervention components were extracted, tabulated, and synthesised using an intervention component analysis approach. RESULTS: We found thirteen trials reporting 23 exercise interventions delivered to 1440 participants. These featured 60 different components. Most exercise interventions included supervision and flexion-based exercises. Balance exercises were rarely included. Exercise components featured more frequently in successful interventions included stretches, strength or trunk muscle exercises, fitness exercises, especially cycling, and psychologically informed approaches. Interpretation is limited by low study numbers and heterogeneity. No conclusions could be drawn about exercise supervision or dose. DISCUSSION: Exercise interventions for people with neurogenic claudication typically feature multiple components. Common features such as supervision, lumbar flexion, and aerobic fitness exercises and also less common features such as stretches, strengthening exercises, and psychologically informed approaches warrant consideration for inclusion when designing and optimising exercise interventions for people with lumbar spinal stenosis.

Examining the factors influencing postpartum musculoskeletal pain: a thorough analysis of risk factors and pain assessment indices.

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders after childbirth are common, but current studies often have a narrow focus, concentrating on particular areas and neglecting a thorough evaluation of pain locations and overall severity. This research aimed to determine the occurrence, spread, severity, and root causes of musculoskeletal discomfort in females during the 6-8 week period after giving birth, focusing on investigating the link between pain and posture. METHODS: This study collected data from 432 postpartum women, 6-8 weeks post-delivery, focusing on ten posture angles captured photographically and analysed using Exbody software. Participants also filled out structured questionnaires on pregnancy history, the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) scores, physical activity patterns, and involvement in household and neonatal care tasks. RESULTS: In our research, 49.8% of the respondents experienced pain after childbirth in different regions of their bodies. Utilising SF-MPQ, the mean Pain Rating Index was 7.35 (SD = 5.93) and Present Pain Intensity and Visual Analog Scale was 3.13 (SD = 2.09). Among the evaluated postural angles, only the Q-angle exhibited a noteworthy correlation with knee discomfort. Individuals with less involvement in household and newborn care tasks had a significantly lower occurrence of postpartum pain, with a decrease of 76% (OR = 0.243, p = 0.001). Similarly, those who shared these responsibilities had a 53% decreased likelihood (OR = 0.468, p = 0.008) of experiencing postpartum pain. CONCLUSION: Many postpartum women experience moderate-intensity pain in various body regions. Pain's correlation with posture was limited. Reducing physical strain during infant care notably decreased postpartum pain, underscoring the need for holistic support for postpartum women.

Changes needed to reduce risk of musculoskeletal disorders.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the main contributor to disability levels, which are rising as populations age. Workplace hazard exposures are a major source of this problem, and current workplace risk management practices require substantial changes to tackle it more effectively. Most importantly, the current focus of risk management on "manual handling" tasks must broaden to encompass the whole job. This is necessary because a wide range of psychosocial hazards, most of which operate across the whole job rather than particular tasks, are significant contributors to risk. To ensure that risk-control actions are effective, a recurring risk management cycle that includes worker participation and addresses risk from both biomechanical and psychosocial hazards will be essential. Legislation that mandates workplace management of psychosocial hazards would be helpful. Amendment by regulatory bodies of MSD-related guidance and codes of practice so that they reflect current research evidence would also be helpful in communicating the need for change to workplace stakeholders.

Magnitude of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and its associated factors among Ethiopian nurses: a facility based cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders have a greater negative impact on nurses' well-being, both physically and emotionally. Because of this issue, nurses take excessive leave, are absent from work, quit their profession, and have a lower quality of life. This leads to an increase in human and economic losses to health care institutions. However, there is a paucity of information about work-related musculoskeletal disorders among nurses in the study area. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the magnitude of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and its factors associated among nurses in Hospitals of West Shoa Zone, Central Ethiopia, 2021. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional facility-based study was conducted with 406 systematically selected nurses from March 2021 to June 2021. A simple random sampling was used to select study subjects. Data were gathered through face-to-face interviews. The data has been cleaned and checked, entered Epi Data 3.1, and exported into Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 25 for further analysis. Bivariable and multiple logistic regressions were used to determine the factors associated with outcome variable. The level of statistical significance was reported to be less than 0.05. RESULTS: The prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders was 73.8% and the highest report 247 (62.2%) was seen in the lower back which was followed by the neck 182 (45.8%) and elbow 126 (31.7%), while the lowest affected body part was ankle 46(11.6%). Working in the medical ward (COR = 5.91, 95%CI: 2.53-13.79), surgical ward (COR = 9.63, 95%CI: 3.64-15.51), and operation room theater (COR = 6.02, 95%CI: 2.37-15.27) had higher risk to work-related musculoskeletal discomfort as compared to those who were worked in outpatient department. Nurses those experienced bending or twisting back as a problem during work 2.33 times more likely to have higher risk WMSDs as compared to those who didn't perceive it with (COR 2.33, 95% CI: 1.47-3.71). CONCLUSION: In this study, the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among nurses was high. Working in room/ward, working in malposition, have no on job training to prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders and bending or twisting back during work were identified as associated factors. Since work-related musculoskeletal disorders are preventable, educating the staff about the use of proper body mechanics and modifying the work environment is essential.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among desludging operators in Uganda.

BACKGROUND: Despite the limited evidence, desludging operators remain at a heightened risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). This study established the prevalence and predictors of WMSDs among desludging operators in Uganda. METHODS: A digitalized structured questionnaire was used to collect cross-sectional data on musculoskeletal disorders and routine workplace activities from 303 desludging operators in 11 cities in Uganda. These cities were purposively selected based on the presence of a fecal sludge treatment plant or wastewater treatment plant. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was used to assess WMSDs. Simple random sampling with replacements was used to select respondents. Data were analyzed using STATA version 15.0. Modified Poisson Regression was used to measure the strength of association between the independent variables and WMSDs. RESULTS: A total of 303 study participants were interviewed (97.7% response rate). The average age of the respondents was 34.0 years (SD ± 9.8). The prevalence of WMSDs among desludging operators was 29.7%. The body parts affected by MSDs were; the elbow for 4.6% (14/303), shoulder for 5.0% (15/303), and wrist/hand for 6.3% (19/303) of the respondents. At multivariable analysis, after controlling for age, desludging operators' ability to influence the availability of equipment needed to do their work (APR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.20-0.99), and feeling that everything done was an effort (APR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.01-2.87) were significantly associated with WMSDs. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of WMSDs was high among desludging operators in Uganda. Desludging operators' ability to influence the availability of equipment needed to do their work and frequency of feeling that everything done was an effort were significantly associated with WMSDs. Interventions should focus on ensuring adequate provision of ergonomic equipment and promoting practices that reduce the physical strain associated with desludging tasks. Additionally, comprehensive training programs addressing proper lifting techniques and posture awareness could significantly mitigate the risk of WMSDs among desludging-operators.

Anterior Knee Pain Scale (AKPS): structural and criterion validity in Brazilian population with patellofemoral pain.

PURPOSE: To identify the best internal structure of the Brazilian version of the Anterior Knee Pain Scale (AKPS), comparing different instrument structures (structural validity) and correlating the scores of the versions (criterion validity). METHODS: We included Brazilian volunteers, aged ≥ 18 years, with patellofemoral pain (PFP) for at least 3 months. We used the confirmatory factor analysis and considered the following fit indices: chi-square/degrees of freedom (DF), comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). We considered the structure with the lowest values of the Akaike information criterion (AIC), sample size adjusted Bayesian information criterion (SABIC), and assessed criterion validity using Pearson correlation coefficient (r) to correlate the long and short versions. RESULTS: The study included 101 participants, mostly women (65.3%), young adults (~ 31 years old), overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m2), incomplete higher education (37.6%), and physically active (64.4%). The original 1-domain, 13-item structure showed adequate fit indices (chi-square/GL < 3.00, TLI and CFI > 0.90, and RMSEA < 0, 08). However, items 11 and 12 had a factorial load of less than 0.23. Therefore, we excluded items 11 and 12 and found adequate fit indices (chi-square/GL < 3.00, TLI and CFI > 0.90, and RMSEA < 0, 08) and lower AIC and SABIC values. We observed a correlation coefficient above the acceptable cutoff of 0.70 (r = 0.966, p-value < 0.001) between the versions. CONCLUSION: The 11-item AKPS (without items 11 and 12) is the version with the most adequate internal structure and correlates satisfactorily with the long version of the instrument.

Musculoskeletal disorders among dental assistants: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and associated sociodemographic and work-related factors among dental assistants (DAs) in the hail province, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: Participants were 119 DAs with an average age of 28.9 years (SD ± 4.8 years), of whom 86.6% were females. A self-administered questionnaire which included Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire and questions on socio-demographic and work-related factors was used. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the prevalence of MSDs during the past 12 months and 7 days. Multivariate binary logistic regression statistical tests were used to calculate the association between MSDs and socio-demographic and work-related factors. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of MSDs among DAs was significantly high, with 85.7% reporting symptoms during the past 12 months and 47.9% during the past 7 days. The shoulders, followed by the lower back, were the most common complaints among participants in the past 12 months and 7 days, followed by the upper back and neck. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis results show significant associations between MSDs and age, Body-Mass-Index (BMI), physical demands during working hours, work environment and posture awareness, and years of experience. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of MSDs among DAs is high, and sociodemographic and work-related factors play an important role in exacerbation of MSDs in DAs.

Safety and feasibility of in-hospital autonomous transportation using a driverless mobility for patients with musculoskeletal disorders: preliminary clinical study to achieve mobility as a service in medical care.

BACKGROUND: Recent advancements in and the proliferation of autonomous mobility technology, such as intelligent wheelchairs, have made it possible to provide mobility services for patients with reduced mobility due to musculoskeletal disorders. In the present study, we conducted a preliminary clinical study to assess the safety and feasibility of in-hospital autonomous transportation using a driverless mobility (wheelchair) for patients with musculoskeletal disorders. METHODS: From January to February 2022, 51 patients with musculoskeletal disorders exhibiting gait disturbance who presented to our institution were included in the present study. Driverless mobility rides were conducted over a straight-line distance of 100 m from the orthopaedic outpatient reception to the payment counter after the outpatient consultation. We assessed the quality of life using an EQ-5D-5 L index and pain using a VAS score before riding the mobility to investigate the patient's condition. After the ride, a questionnaire survey was conducted to assess patient satisfaction on a 5-point scale. In addition, adverse events during the mobility ride were investigated. RESULTS: Overall satisfaction levels showed that 44 out of 51 (86%) patients rated the level as 3 or higher. There were no significant differences in the level of satisfaction based on the cause of disorders or EQ-5D-5 L Index. Among 19 patients who rated the level of satisfaction as 2-3, the ratio of postoperative patients and those with pain tended to be higher (p < 0.05). While 26 of 51 (51%) patients reported moments of feeling unsafe during the mobility ride, no actual adverse events, such as collisions, were observed. CONCLUSIONS: An in-hospital autonomous transportation service using a driverless mobility for patients with musculoskeletal disorders demonstrated high satisfaction levels and was safe with no severe adverse events observed. The expansion of autonomous mobility deployment is expected to achieve mobility as a service in medical care.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among United Arab Emirates schoolteachers: an examination of physical activity.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and their association with physical activity among schoolteachers in the United Arab Emirates. METHODS: This observational cross-sectional study involved 209 schoolteachers (aged 20-60) with a minimum of two years of experience. Data, including demographics (gender, age), Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) for WMSD prevalence and pain sites, and Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) for physical activity levels, were collected. Six schools were visited for data collection, with consent from school heads and participants. Schedules were tailored to participant availability, allowing up to three attempts for participation. Non-respondents were identified after three unsuccessful attempts. RESULTS: Of the total 206 participants, 149 were female, while the remaining 57 were male. Age distribution analysis revealed that 18% of individuals were within the 20 to 30 years range, 26.2% fell within the 30 to 40 years, and 36.9% had 40 to 50 years age brackets. The responses were obtained in Arabic (90%) and English (10%). The study identified a high prevalence (71.4%) of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) in UAE schoolteachers, with neck pain being the most common (74.3%). Major risk factors included age, workload, and low physical activity. The data was normally distributed, and Pearson's Correlation test revealed weak positive correlation (r: 0.14), but statistically significant (p value = 0.04) between WMSD and PA, indicating that it was a contributing factor but other factors beyond PA influenced WMSD prevalence in this cohort. The findings of the study are based on certain limitations such as cross-sectional design and convenient sampling which could have potential selection bias and affect generalizability of the results. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest the need to promote physical activity and reduce workload for teachers, considering their age and gender. Additionally, there is a need to raise awareness regarding ergonomics and the importance of taking short breaks for stretching or physical movement to enhance the overall well-being of schoolteachers in the UAE and similar contexts. Diverse prevalence rates across different body areas underscore the necessity for individualized treatments.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among otolaryngology-head and neck surgery residents.

PURPOSE: Surgical residents are at high risk for work-related musculoskeletal disorders which can impact surgical training and overall quality of life. We sought to assess musculoskeletal symptoms among current United States otolaryngology-head and neck surgery residents. We focused on the upper extremity given fine motor control for microsurgical procedures and increased keyboarding requirements. This study builds on previous research by evaluating setting attribution and attitudes toward ergonomics among otolaryngology residents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A web-based, cross-sectional survey incorporating Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and ergonomics-related questions was sent to otolaryngology residency program directors in September of 2021. Descriptive statistics, Spearman's correlation, logistic regression, and comparison of proportions were utilized. RESULTS: Overall, 148 otolaryngology residents completed the survey; 70 were female (45 %), 83 male (54 %), and 1 non-binary (0.6 %). MSK symptoms were reported in the neck (77.0 %), lower back (45.5 %), and upper back (31.8 %) most frequently. Symptoms were work-related for 80 % of residents, with 84.7 % deemed operating-room-related. Some required treatment (14.5 %) or formal evaluation (11.0 %) of their injury. Injuries prevented residents from working (7.4 %), operating (9.5 %), and performing activities of daily living (27.0 %). Many reported they would use ergonomic equipment (94.2 %), dictation software (74.1 %), and scribes (81.3 %) if available. CONCLUSIONS: Despite increased surgical ergonomic awareness, musculoskeletal symptoms are still prevalent among otolaryngology residents. Nearly 1 in 9 residents required evaluation and treatment of their musculoskeletal symptoms, and one third reported lacking various ergonomic measures. Given the high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders, ergonomic practices for O-HNS trainees should be emphasized by residency programs.

Work Disability and Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Teleworkers: A Scoping Review.

PURPOSE: This project aimed to examine the existing evidence on work disability or musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among teleworkers. METHOD: A scoping review was conducted in eight bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, ABI/Inform Global, EBM Reviews, Web of Science, Dissertations & Theses Global) from inception to June 2022. RESULTS: Out of 9192 records identified, a total of 79 selected articles representing 77 studies were retained. Most studies were published after 2019, aligning with the COVID-19 pandemic's telework surge. Among the included papers, 51 addressed MSDs among teleworkers, 17 were on work disability, and 11 addressed both concepts. The studies were predominantly cross-sectional. Some trends are emerging, although study results are contradictory. Several papers reported increased musculoskeletal discomfort among teleworkers. Factors associated with MSDs among teleworkers include poor workstation setup, extended workdays, sedentary lifestyle, excessive devices use, and psychological factors. Regarding work disability, studies found that telework is associated with reduced absenteeism but increased presenteeism, with employees more likely to work while unwell from home than when on-site. Mixed results were found regarding teleworkers' work ability and functioning. CONCLUSION: This paper provides an overview of the literature on work disability and MSDs among teleworkers. It identifies literature gaps, underlining the need for ergonomic improvements, long-term impact studies, a better conceptualization of presenteeism in the context of telework, and tailored interventions to enhance the telework experience.

Acute Effects of a Warm-Up Intervention on Pain, Productivity, Physical Capacities and Psychological Perceptions Among Vineyard Workers: a Cluster Randomized Trial.

PURPOSE: Agriculture is one of the sectors that are the most concerned by musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Workplace physical activity programs are one of the most promising solutions to prevent adverse consequences of MSDs such as pain or impairment in physical capacities. The aims of this study were twofold: (1) to investigate the acute effect of a warm-up session on pain, work performance, physical capacities and psychosocial perceptions among vineyard workers; (2) to determine the most beneficial warm-up modality for vineyard workers. METHODS: A cluster randomized study was implemented among 92 French vineyard workers. A 15 min single session of warm-up was implemented among four groups corresponding to four different conditions: (1) hybrid warm-up intervention (HWU); (2) dynamic warm-up intervention (DWU); (3) stretching warm-up intervention (SWU); (4) no warm-up intervention (CONTROL). RESULTS: DWU showed significant increased performance (p < 0.05), increased heart rate (p < 0.001), better readiness to work (p < 0.05) and lower workload (p < 0.05) than the CONTROL. HWU showed a better readiness to work (p < 0.01). SWU showed better work quality (p < 0.05). However, the three different warm-up protocols did significantly not differ from the CONTROL group in terms of perceived pain intensity, and physical capacities. CONCLUSION: The present findings confirm some beneficial acute effects on performance, heart rate and psychological perceptions of a single warm-up session performed before pruning. The DWU seems to be the most beneficial warm-up modality. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT05425693. Registered 06/16/2022 in www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov .

Musculoskeletal disorders and visual problems among surgical versus medical physicians: A cross-sectional study.

The healthcare industry is one of the main industries with a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Surgical practice mostly involves repetitive tasks with fine motor control, precise motions, high levels of mental concentration, and close visual focus. This cross-sectional study aimed to define the prevalence and risk factors of MSDs and visual problems among physicians. One hundred surgical physicians and one hundred medical physicians were involved in the study. Both groups underwent assessment of socio-demographic and occupational history, alongside evaluation for musculoskeletal and visual problems. The study revealed a significantly higher prevalence of MSDs, particularly neck and back pain, as well as blurred near vision and eye dryness, among surgical physicians compared to medical physicians. Risk factors for these conditions included long working hours (≥30 h/week) in clinics or operating rooms, as well as using endoscopes and microscopes/loupes during surgery. In conclusion, MSDs and visual problems were prevalent among physicians, particularly surgical physicians. Integrating ergonomic principles across all domains of healthcare and promoting healthcare worker awareness through training and intervention programs are crucial steps in addressing these issues.