Frustration-aggression hypothesis reconsidered: The role of significance quest.

One of the oldest scientific theories of human aggression is the frustration-aggression hypothesis, advanced in 1939. Although this theory has received considerable empirical support and is alive and well today, its underlying mechanisms have not been adequately explored. In this article, we examine major findings and concepts from extant psychological research on hostile aggression and offer an integrative conception: aggression is a primordial means for establishing one's sense of significance and mattering, thus addressing a fundamental social-psychological need. Our functional portrayal of aggression as a means to significance yields four testable hypotheses: (1) frustration will elicit hostile aggression proportionately to the extent that the frustrated goal serves the individual's need for significance, (2) the impulse to aggress in response to significance loss will be enhanced in conditions that limit the individual's ability to reflect and engage in extensive information processing (that may bring up alternative, socially condoned means to significance), (3) significance-reducing frustration will elicit hostile aggression unless the impulse to aggress is substituted by a nonaggressive means of significance restoration, (4) apart from significance loss, an opportunity for significance gain can increase the impulse to aggress. These hypotheses are supported by extant data as well as novel research findings in real-world contexts. They have important implications for understanding human aggression and the conditions under which it is likely to be manifested and reduced.

Heartfelt ventures: The power of empathy in driving social entrepreneurial.

Although the notion of social entrepreneurship is not new to us today, it has not yet gained widespread acceptance and development in Vietnam. Although there are numerous study publications on the relationship between empathy and social entrepreneurial intentions, this problem has yet to be studied much in the context of Vietnam's, particularly among youth. The goal of this study is to see if young empathy is linked to their desire to start a social enterprise. Reliability analysis using PLS-SEM software and a binary regression model will be used to examine data obtained from 339 university students in Vietnam. According to the findings, as well as the theory of planned behavior and the theory of action phases, (1) empathy does not directly affect social business intention, but rather indirectly through two mechanisms, social worth and social entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and (2) individuals who are confident in their own abilities have more social entrepreneurship intentions. We provide recommendations based on these findings to inspire young people to pursue social entrepreneurship, contribute to the development of a sustainable economy, and contribute positive values to society.

The moderating effects of perceived social worth and organizational virtuousness on the relationship between emotional labor, precarious work, and organizational commitment among ASHA workers in India.

Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) in India are the subjects of this study, which explores the complex relationships between emotional labor (EL) and unstable work environments and how these relationships affect organizational commitment (OC). The study also looked at how organizational virtuousness (OV) and perceived social value mediated the relationship between precarious work (PW), EL, and OC. This study included a total sample size of N = 467 ASHA personnel from a variety of healthcare settings. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to look at the moderating effects using the Hayes Process Macro. The findings suggest that there are noteworthy negative associations between EL, PW, and the OC of ASHA workers. Nevertheless, OV and perceived social worth (PSW) emerged as significant moderators. More precisely, elevated levels of PSW and OV mitigated the adverse effects of PW and EL on the OC of ASHA workers.

Are We Essential, or Sacrificial? The Effects of Felt Public Gratitude on Essential Worker Recovery Activities During COVID-19.

COVID-19 has been characterized by unprecedented levels of public gratitude to some, but not all, essential workers. In this research, we integrate insights from the stigmatized occupations and gratitude literature to build theory on the positive and negative relationships between such displays of public gratitude and essential workers' recovery activities. We argue that felt public gratitude positively relates to adaptive recovery activities (e.g., exercise) and negatively relates to maladaptive recovery activities (e.g., overdrinking). We further explain how felt public gratitude impacts (mal)adaptive recovery activities through (a) felt invisibility and (b) negative/positive affect. We find support for our predictions in a two-wave survey of 186 corrections officers (Study 1) and an experiment with 379 essential workers across a variety of industries (Study 2).

The Psychological Motivations to Social Innovation and Transmitting Role of Social Worth.

Social innovation has a great chance to overcome problems in complex environments. Individuals' concern for environmental, social, and ethical issues has gradually grown, prompting the rise of new types of consumers, who shift their environmental concerns into action. Social entrepreneurship participants mostly act as beneficiaries and initiators in the process of social innovation. Social exchange theory explains the linkage between individual psychological factors and personal social cognitive perceptions that inspire social innovation intention. The current research framework is constructed to inspect the individual mental process of psychological motivation associated with social innovation intention. The purpose is to understand the relationships between the psychological level of moral idealism, ecological concern, and prior experience on cognitive perceptions of social worth; subsequently, social worth, prosocial motivation, perspective-taking, and positive feelings are examined to discover their influence on social innovation behavioral intention. The transmitting role of social worth exercises a transformative function between participants' psychological motivation, social cognition, and social innovation intention. The research is conducted using partial least squares (PLS) analysis software. The research results reinforce our understanding of theories of individual psychological motivations on social innovation. The findings also offer some suggestions for sustainability education to social enterprise practitioners with respect to recruiting young people and continuing to generate new ideas.

Wellbeing among hospital nurses: A cross-sectional study of the contributions of relational job characteristics.

BACKGROUND: Nursing work has indisputable relational characteristics, however there is scarce research that examines nurses' work and wellbeing using a relational job design framework. AIM: The aim is to study the relationships between job characteristics and nurses' work-related wellbeing. More specifically, this study focuses on the unique contribution of psychological effects of relational job characteristics to nurses' work engagement and burnout, beyond the effects of other job characteristics commonly studied in association with wellbeing, namely quantitative job demands and control. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional research design, in which 409 Portuguese hospital registered nurses participated. METHOD: Data were collected using an online survey. Statistical procedures included structural equation modelling and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Data suggest that perceived social impact and perceived social worth are related to nurses' work engagement and burnout beyond the effects of quantitative job demands and control. CONCLUSIONS: The study of the relationships between psychological effects of relational job characteristics and work-related outcomes (such as nurse work-related wellbeing) is relevant, as these relational job design variables explain variance in these outcome variables, beyond other job design constructs (specifically job demands and control). IMPLICATIONS: Theoretical implications include the value of studying the impact of psychological effects of relational job characteristics on wellbeing outcomes among nurses. As for practical implications, hospitals may address relational job characteristics in order to increase their nurses' perceptions of their job's impact and the social worth attributed to their work, which is positively related to work engagement and negatively related to burnout.

Migration intentions of Lithuanian physicians, nurses, residents and medical students.

Due to a flow of healthcare professionals and students from emerging to industrialized economies, healthcare systems in source countries are facing increasing threats to a people-centered quality of care. This study investigates the prevalence and underlying reasons for emigration intentions among physicians, nurses, residents, and medical students in Lithuania (total N = 1080). In our sample, 39% of students, 21% of residents, 12% of nurses, and 6% of physicians had decided to emigrate within the next two years. Based on statistical analyses of the survey data, we conclude that emigration decisions are linked to socio-demographic (age, gender, family situation), financial, organizational (teamwork climate in hospital) and social (perceived social worth) factors. Implications for policy-making and retention of healthcare workforce are discussed.

Seeing red: How perceptions of social status and worth influence hostile attributions and endorsement of aggression.

Within social hierarchies, low social status is associated with increased vigilance, hostile expectations, and reactive aggression. We propose that societal devaluation is common across many low social status groups and produces a sense of threatened social worth. Threatened social worth may lead those of low status to be more vigilant towards social threats, thereby increasing the likelihood of hostile attributions and endorsement of aggression. Integrating theory on belongingness, social rejection, and stigma compensation, two studies test a sequential process model demonstrating that threatened social worth mediates the relationship between status, hostile attributions, and endorsement of aggression. Employing a relative status manipulation, Study 2 reveals a causal effect of status and highlights the importance of perceptions of low social status on threatened social worth. These data demonstrate the role of social worth in explaining the link between status and hostility and have implications for research in the social, health, and developmental domains.