Influence of Procedural Volume on the Outcome of Gastric Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Nationwide Population-Based Study Using Administrative Data.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a well-established treatment modality for gastric neoplasms. We aimed to investigate the effect of procedural volume on the outcome of ESD for gastric cancer or adenoma. METHODS: In this population-based cohort study, patients who underwent ESD for gastric cancer or adenoma from November 2011 to December 2017 were identified using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Operational definitions to identify the target population and post-procedural complications were created using diagnosis and procedure codes and were validated using hospital medical record data. Outcomes included hemorrhage, perforation, pneumonia, 30-day mortality, a composite outcome comprising all of these adverse outcomes, and additional resection. Hospital volume was categorized into 3 groups based on the results of the threshold analysis: high-, medium-, low-volume centers (HVCs, MVCs, and LVCs, respectively). Inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis was applied to enhance comparability across the volume groups. RESULTS: There were 94,246 procedures performed in 88,687 patients during the study period. There were 5886 composite events including 4925 hemorrhage, 447 perforation, and 703 pneumonia cases. There were significant differences in ESD-related adverse outcomes among the 3 hospital volume categories, showing that HVCs and MVCs were associated with a lower risk of a composite outcome than LVCs (inverse probability of treatment-weighted odds ratio [OR], 0.651; 95% CI, 0.521-0.814; inverse probability of treatment-weighted OR, 0.641; 95% CI, 0.534-0.769). Similar tendencies were also shown for hemorrhage, perforation, and pneumonia; however, these were not evident for additional resection. CONCLUSIONS: Procedural volume was closely associated with clinical outcome in patients undergoing ESD for gastric cancer or adenoma.

Increased risk of colorectal adenomas with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease components.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease is the most common liver disease related to various metabolic disorders. Colorectal adenomas are related to metabolic dysregulation. Despite the proposed association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and colorectal adenomas, the influence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease on colorectal adenomas has yet to be investigated. Our study investigates the relationship between metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and colorectal adenomas and evaluates the predictive value of fatty liver index for colorectal adenomas. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 650 inpatients at Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital. All participants underwent colonoscopy, abdominal ultrasound or CT, relevant laboratory tests, and physical examinations to ascertain baseline characteristics and overall health status. Multivariate logistic regression analysis examined the relationship between metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and colorectal adenomas. Lastly, the ability to identify, accuracy, and clinical applicability of predicting colorectal adenomas through fatty liver index were assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve area under the curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis. RESULT: In both the colorectal adenomas and control groups, the prevalence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease was 62.1 % and 35.7 %, respectively. Multivariate analysis indicates that metabolic-associated fatty liver disease was independently correlated with an increased risk of colorectal adenomas (OR, 1.565; 95 % CI, 1.057-2.319; P < 0.05). Further analysis revealed that the risk of colorectal adenomas increased with an increasing quantity of metabolic components in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (Ptrend < 0.001). The area under the curve of the fatty liver index predictive model was 0.838, with a 95 % CI of 0.807-0.869. The calibration curve indicated excellent agreement, and the decision curve analysis revealed a higher net benefit. CONCLUSION: The risk of colorectal adenomas was associated with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, and the risk of developing colorectal adenomas increased with the presence of more metabolic-associated fatty liver disease metabolic components. Furthermore, fatty liver index served as a predictive indicator for screening colorectal adenomas.

Prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas: male-specific differences in pathogenesis, clinical presentation and treatment.

Prolactinomas (PRLomas) constitute approximately half of all pituitary adenomas and approximately one-fifth of them are diagnosed in males. The clinical presentation of PRLomas results from direct prolactin (PRL) action, duration and severity of hyperprolactinemia, and tumor mass effect. Male PRLomas, compared to females, tend to be larger and more invasive, are associated with higher PRL concentration at diagnosis, present higher proliferative potential, are more frequently resistant to standard pharmacotherapy, and thus may require multimodal approach, including surgical resection, radiotherapy, and alternative medical agents. Therefore, the management of PRLomas in men is challenging in many cases. Additionally, hyperprolactinemia is associated with a significant negative impact on men's health, including sexual function and fertility potential, bone health, cardiovascular and metabolic complications, leading to decreased quality of life. In this review, we highlight the differences in pathogenesis, clinical presentation and treatment of PRLomas concerning the male sex.

Different modifiable risk factors for the development of non-advanced adenoma, advanced adenomatous lesion, and sessile serrated lesions, on screening colonoscopy.

The development of premalignant colorectal polyps is significantly influenced by various lifestyle and modifiable risk factors. In our study, we used a large cohort of 9025 patients, who underwent screening colonoscopies at a university hospital, to assess the risk factors associated with the development of three different colorectal cancer precursor lesions: non-advanced adenomas (NAs), advanced adenomatous lesions (ADLs), and sessile serrated lesions (SSLs). Among the participants, 3641 had NAs, 836 had ADLs, and 533 had SSLs. We identified obesity, current smoking, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass as modifiable lifestyle risk factors that increase the development of NAs and ADLs (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between the degree of obesity and an increased risk of developing NAs and ADLs (all P for trend < 0.001), while non-smoking was associated with a decreased risk (P for trend < 0.001 and 0.003, respectively). Smoking was the only modifiable risk factor for developing SSLs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-2.07), and the risk was even higher in patients with metabolic syndrome (aOR 1.71; 95% CI 1.05-2.77). Addressing modifiable lifestyle factors such as smoking and obesity could play an important role in reducing the risk of both non-advanced and advanced adenomatous lesions. Smoking cessation is especially important as it is a significant modifiable risk factor for sessile serrated lesions.

Streptococcus gallolyticus bacteremia detected in apheresis platelets and its link to colonic neoplasms

Introduction: Streptococcus gallolyticus belongs to theStreptococcus bovis complex, and it is a common bacterium colonizing the gastrointestinal tract. Its presence in the blood may suggest an underlying pathology such as a colonic neoplasm. We report herein a case of S. bovis bacteremia in an apheresis platelet donor, review similar cases in the literature, and suggest a flowchart for the management of similar cases in other blood donation centers. Case Presentation: A 61-year-old subject presented to a Hemotherapy Service to make an apheresis platelet donation. On quality control testing, S. gallolyticus was identified in hemoculture, and the donor was called back for follow-up. At first, a new hemoculture was requested, and the patient was referred to the outpatient department of infectious diseases to further investigate pathologies associated with S. gallolyticus. A subsequent colonoscopy investigation evidenced a polypoid structure in the ascending colon. Pathology reported the resected specimen as a low-grade tubular adenoma. Conclusion: Isolation of S. bovis in blood products requires further investigation and should be managed with precision by Hemotherapy Services. A standard protocol for the management of asymptomatic patients with S. bovis positive hemoculture, with the requests of a new blood culture, a colonoscopy, and an echocardiogram is crucial, as it may ensure early diagnosis and reduce morbidity and mortality. (AU)

Nephrogenic adenoma of the bladder: a single institution experience assessing clinical factors

ABSTRACT Introduction: Nephrogenic adenoma (NA) was first described by Davis in 1949 as a "hamartoma" of the bladder. There are many proposed predisposing factors for NA including chronic inflammation, renal transplantation, and bladder cancer. We examined our experience with NA to determine predisposing factors and determine if there was any increased risk for development of subsequent malignancy. Materials and Methods: All patients with a pathologic diagnosis of bladder NA from 2001-2013 were included. Patient history, clinical factors including possible predisposing factors for NA, and follow-up were reviewed. Results: Among 60 patients, 68% were males with an average age of 61, an average BMI of 28.7, and 60% had a smoking history. In evaluating pro-inflammatory factors, 26.7% underwent either Bacillus Calmette-Guerin or mitomycin C, 30% had recurrent urinary tract infections, and 25% had a history of catheterization. Recurrence of NA after initial resection occurred only in 14.7% of patients who underwent follow-up cystoscopy. A history of concurrent bladder cancer was seen in 41.7% of patients, but there were no cases of de novo bladder cancer diagnosed after NA. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest series of patients with NA of the bladder. NA occurs in a heterogeneous population of patients, but most often with underlying inflammation. NA occurred concurrent with bladder cancer; however there were no cases of de novo bladder cancer after NA, reassuring that NA is likely a benign reactive condition.

Adenoma hepático / Hepatic adenoma

INTRODUÇÃO: Os tumores hepáticos benignos, devido à relativa facilidade na identificação através de exames de imagem, tiveram incidência crescente na população nos últimos anos, tornando-se quadro frequente na rotina clínica e muitas vezes um desafio para clínicos e cirurgiões. Logo, o médico passou a enfrentar dilemas relacionados ao diagnóstico e conduta nestes pacientes assintomáticos e portadores de nódulos hepáticos. OBJETIVO: Atualizar o conhecimento dos adenomas hepáticos frente à evolução ocorrida com seu conhecimento nos últimos anos. MÉTODO: Foi efetuada revisão da literatura em consulta na Medline/Pubmed, Scielo, Embase e Lilacs com cruzamento dos seguintes descritores: adenoma hepático, cirurgia, tratamento clínico, diagnóstico, fisiopatologia e biologia molecular. CONCLUSÃO: O diagnóstico incidental de lesões assintomáticas constitui grande dilema na prática clínica, pois traz intensa angústia para o paciente e seus familiares, e muitas vezes tornam-se um desafio para o clínico ou cirurgião. É lesão de particular interesse, pois pode apresentar evolução tanto benigna como complicações potencialmente letais. O adenoma hepático deixou recentemente de ser lesão de ressecção obrigatória; atualmente, adota-se conduta mais individualizada, visando menor morbimortalidade. À luz dos novos avanços da biologia molecular, cabe ao médico que o diagnostica identificar aqueles com potencial evolução desfavorável, para que nesses seja empregada conduta mais agressiva.

BACKGROUND: Benign liver tumors, due to its relative easeness its imaging identification, have their incidence increasing in population in recent years, becoming frequent in the clinical picture and often a challenge for clinicians and surgeons. Doctors began to face dilemmas related to diagnosis in asymptomatic patients with liver nodules. AIM: Update the knowledge of hepatic adenomas due to the crescent diagnosis seen in the recent years. METHODS: Was performed a literature review consulting Medline/PubMed, SciELO, Embase, Lilacs database with the following descriptors: hepatic adenoma, surgery, medical treatment, diagnosis, pathophysiology and molecular biology. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of incidental asymptomatic lesions is a major dilemma in clinical practice because it brings intense distress for patients and their families, and often become a challenge for the physician or surgeon. Injury is of particular interest because it can provide both benign evolution or potentially lethal complications. Recently, its resection is no more mandatory; currently, more individualized treatment are required, aiming less morbidity. In light of new advances in molecular biology, the physician who diagnoses the lesion must identify the potential unfavorable evolution, and recognize cases who need more aggressive medical management.

Tumor pardo como manifestación inicial de hiperparatiroidismo primario / Brown tumor as the initial manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism

El tumor pardo es una forma localizada de osteítis fibrosa quística, parte del compromiso óseo por hiperparatiroidismo. Como primera expresión de hiperparatiroidismo es infrecuente, debido a que actualmente éste se diagnostica en estadios asintomáticos o mínimamente sintomáticos. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con un tumor pardo localizado en el maxilar superior izquierdo, como primera manifestación de hiperparatiroidismo primario causado por un adenoma paratiroideo. Posterior a la realización de una paratiroidectomía el tumor evolucionó con franca regresión, sin necesidad de ningún otro procedimiento quirúrgico local.

Brown tumor is a localized form of osteitis fibrosa cystica, being part of the hyperparathyroid bone disease. It rarely is the first manifestation of hyperparathyroidism, since nowadays, the diagnosis is made at an asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic stage. We present a case of a left superior maxillar brown tumor as the first manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism due to a parathyroid adenoma. A parathyroidectomy was performed, and there was a regression of the bone lesion, without the need of performing other local surgical procedures.

Silent corticotroph adenomas

Silent corticotroph pituitary adenomas (SCA) are defined as pituitary adenomas showing positive staining for adrenocorticotrophic hormone in immunohistochemical studies, but not associated with perioperative clinical or laboratory features of hypercortisolaemia. They account for 1.1-6 percent of surgically removed pituitary adenomas. Currently, two distinct pathologic subtypes of SCA are recognised. Their pathogenesis remains unclear. They present with local mass effects (headache, visual deterioration, cranial nerve palsies, endocrine dysfunction). The lack of manifestations of cortisol excess has not been conclusively explained. In surgical series, most tumours are macroadenomas with suprasellar extension present in 87-100 percent of the cases; this is in contrast to Cushing's disease, which is mostly attributed to microadenomas. Surgery remains the main therapeutic approach. Attempts to identify predictors of recurrence have not been successful. Management and follow-up protocols should be planned taking into account their potential aggressive behaviour, particularly upon recurrence. The development of florid pituitary Cushing's syndrome and local recurrence followed by metastatic disease (occasionally outside the central nervous system) have been rarely reported.

Adenomas corticotróficos silenciosos (ACS) são definidos como adenomas hipofisários que apresentam coloração positiva para o hormônio adrenocorticotrófico em estudos imuno-histoquímicos, mas não são associados com achados clínicos ou laboratoriais peri-operatórios de hipercortisolemia. São responsáveis por 1,1-6 por cento dos adenomas hipofisários removidos cirurgicamente. Atualmente, dois subtipos patológicos distintos de ACS são reconhecidos, mas sua patogênese permanece obscura. Eles se apresentam com efeitos de massa local (cefaléia, deterioração visual, paralisia de nervos cranianos, disfunção endócrina). A ausência de manifestações de excesso de cortisol não é suficientemente explicada. Em séries cirúrgicas, a maioria dos tumores são macroadenomas com extensão suprasselar, presente em 87-100 por cento dos casos, em contraste com a doença de Cushing, que é principalmente atribuída a microadenomas. A cirurgia continua a principal ação terapêutica. A tentativa de se identificar preditores de recorrência tem sido mal sucedida. Protocolos de manejo e acompanhamento devem ser planejados levando-se em consideração o seu comportamento potencialmente agressivo, particularmente na recorrência. Raramente tem sido reportado o desenvolvimento de síndrome de Cushing hipofisária florida e recorrência local, seguida de doença metastática (ocasionalmente fora do sistema nervoso central).

Estudio de 34 pacientes con incidentaloma suprarrenal / A study of 34 cases of adrenal incidentaloma

El incidentaloma suprarrenal, un tumor de dicha glándula descubierto por razones independientes de la sospecha de enfermedad adrenal, constituye un problema clínico frecuente. Aunque en la mayoría de los casos son benignos y no hiperfuncionantes, es importante identificar oportunamente la minoría de lesiones malignas o hiperfuncionantes de resolución quirúrgica. Si bien han sido diseñadas distintas estrategias de diagnóstico hay controversia alrededor de una serie de cuestiones. En el presente trabajo retrospectivo once (32%) de nuestros 34 pacientes presentaban masas adrenales hiperfuncionantes manifestadas por síndrome de Cushing subclínico en cuatro, feocromocitoma en tres, probable hiperaldosteronismo primario en dos y por hiperplasia adrenal congénita de origen tardío y carcinoma funcionante en los dos restantes. Las características de las imágenes por TAC y/o RM permitieron identificar los adenomas a la vez que decidir la cirugía tanto en dos pacientes con feocromocitomas bioquímicamente no funcionantes como en una paciente con un carcinoma adrenocortical primitivo, este diagnóstico también sugerido por un patrón mixto de hipersecreción de andrógenos y cortisol. En una paciente con síndrome de Cushing subclínico, hipertensa y diabética, ambas comorbilidades fueron resueltas por la cirugía. Los tumores no funcionantes fueron en su mayoría adenomas (87%), hallándose además histoplasmosis, pseudoquiste, hiperplasia suprarrenal idiopática y mielolipoma. Seis de los ocho pacientes operados tenían enfermedad maligna y/o hiperfuncionante. La condición asociada a los incidentalomas suprarrenales significó un amplio espectro de riesgo para los pacientes y reafirma la necesidad de una minuciosa evaluación clínica, bioquímica y de las imágenes a fin de adoptar conductas adecuadas.

Adrenal incidentaloma, a tumor discovered unexpectedly during imaging performed for non-adrenal related causes, has become a frequent clinical concern. Although in most cases they are benign and hormonally nonfunctioning, it is important to appropriately identify those few cases of malignant or hyperfunctioning lesions of surgical resolution. Although several proposals for an optimal diagnostic strategy have been designed, controversy over a series of questions still persists. In the present retrospective study we analyzed 34 patients with adrenal incidentaloma. Of these, 32% of the patients displayed hyperfunctioning pathologies that included subclinical Cushing's syndrome in four patients, probable primary hyperaldosteronism in two, late onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia in one, adrenocortical carcinoma in one and pheochromocytoma in three. CT and/or MRI permitted the identification of adenomas and were crucial to decide on surgery in two patients with nonfunctioning pheochromocytomas and in a patient carrying a primitive adrenocortical carcinoma, a diagnosis also suggested by a mixed pattern of hypersecretion of androgens and cortisol. In a diabetic and hypertensive patient with subclinical Cushing's syndrome both comorbidities were solved by surgery. Nonfunctioning tumors were mainly adenomas (87%) with individual cases of histoplasmosis, pseudocyst, idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia and mielolipoma. Six of the eight operated patients presented malignant and/or hyperfunctioning tumors. The pathology associated with incidentalomas represents a broad spectrum of risk for patients and reaffirms the necessity for a meticulous clinical, biochemical, and imaging evaluation in order to make appropriate decisions.

Tumorigênese hipofisária / Pituitary tumorigenesis

Os tumores hipofisários, adenomas na sua quase totalidade, representam de 10 por cento a 15 por cento das neoplasias intracranianas (1) e são encontrados em até 27 por cento de autópsias não selecionadas, como achado incidental (2). Morfologicamente são classificados em microadenomas (< 1cm de diâmetro) e macroadenomas, que podem ser circunscritos, invasivos e/ou expansivos. Do ponto de vista funcional, são divididos em adenomas secretores (de PRL, GH, ACTH, TSH, LH e FSH, podendo co-secretar dois ou mais hormônios) e clinicamente não secretores ou "não funcionantes". O diagnóstico é feito pelo fenótipo da hipersecreção (acromegalia, Cushing etc.) e, nos macroadenomas com efeito de massa, por hipopituitarismo e/ou distúrbios neurológicos, onde predominam as queixas visuais e cefaléia. Quanto aos mecanismos de tumorigênese hipofisária, a disputa entre causa primária hipotalâmica versus hipofisária ganhou força a favor da segunda graças às evidências da monoclonalidade dos tumores, juntamente com outros argumentos como a ausência de tecido hiperplásico circundando o adenoma cirurgicamente removido e a relativa independência do controle hipotalâmico. No entanto, admite-se que um papel permissivo do hipotálamo é importante para a progressão tumoral. Muitos mecanismos moleculares envolvidos na tumorigenese hipofisária já foram desvendados, incluindo oncogenes, genes supressores tumorais e fatores de crescimento, e serão descritos neste artigo de revisão.

Adenomas hipofisários produtores de glicoproteínas: patogênese, diagnóstico e tratamento / Glycoprotein-secreting pituitary adenomas: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment

Os adenomas hipofisários produtores de glicoproteínas compreendem duas entidades clínicas e patológicas distintas: os adenomas gonadotróficos e os tirotróficos. Embora possam ser agrupados por produzirem hormônios e/ou sub-unidades que são glicoproteínas, esses tumores se originam em tipos celulares distintos (gonadotrofos e tirotrofos) que são apenas remotamente relacionados. Os gonadotróficos estão entre os adenomas hipofisários mais comuns, correspondendo à grande maioria dos assim chamados adenomas "não-funcionantes", silenciosos ou clinicamente não-secretores, enquanto os tirotróficos são extremamente raros e clinicamente se apresentam com hipertiroidismo por secreção inapropriada de TSH. Nesse artigo, os autores revisam aspectos epidemiológicos, patológicos, patogenéticos, clínicos, diagnósticos e terapêuticos desses adenomas. Uma ênfase maior foi dada à patogênese molecular dos tumores hipofisários em geral, buscando, sempre que possível, contrastar as alterações moleculares encontradas nesses adenomas com outros tipos de adenomas hipofisários. No lado mais prático, a experiência dos autores de mais de duas décadas no diagnóstico e tratamento desses tumores na Unidade de Neuroendocrinologia da Unifesp, foi criteriosamente utilizada para discutir a literatura disponível nesses tópicos.

Regulation of pituitary hormones and cell proliferation by components of the extracellular matrix

The extracellular matrix is a three-dimensional network of proteins, glycosaminoglycans and other macromolecules. It has a structural support function as well as a role in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The extracellular matrix conveys signals through membrane receptors called integrins and plays an important role in pituitary physiology and tumorigenesis. There is a differential expression of extracellular matrix components and integrins during the pituitary development in the embryo and during tumorigenesis in the adult. Different extracellular matrix components regulate adrenocorticotropin at the level of the proopiomelanocortin gene transcription. The extracellular matrix also controls the proliferation of adrenocorticotropin-secreting tumor cells. On the other hand, laminin regulates the production of prolactin. Laminin has a dynamic pattern of expression during prolactinoma development with lower levels in the early pituitary hyperplasia and a strong reduction in fully grown prolactinomas. Therefore, the expression of extracellular matrix components plays a role in pituitary tumorigenesis. On the other hand, the remodeling of the extracellular matrix affects pituitary cell proliferation. Matrix metalloproteinase activity is very high in all types of human pituitary adenomas. Matrix metalloproteinase secreted by pituitary cells can release growth factors from the extracellular matrix that, in turn, control pituitary cell proliferation and hormone secretion. In summary, the differential expression of extracellular matrix components, integrins and matrix metalloproteinase contributes to the control of pituitary hormone production and cell proliferation during tumorigenesis.

Patogenia de los tumores hipofisarios / Pathogeny of hypophyseal tumors

Los adenomas hipofisarios son tumoraciones con expresividad clínica variable, según su producción hormonal y parece que en su génesis participan etapas en las cuales un posible evento transformador inicial sería la mutación somática de una única célula hipofisaria por la presencia de un oncogen, seguido por una proliferación celular por la participación de factores promotores y supresores. Si se alteran algunas de las etapas en las que participan las hormonas hipotalámicas y sus receptores acoplados a las proteínas G, pueden aparecer cambios en la expresión del gen hormonal, así como en la división y el crecimiento celular hipofisario. El crecimiento celular neoplásico se puede producir por cambios en 2 tipos de genes: los oncogenes y los genes supresores tumorales. Entre las proteínas mutantes más importantes estarían el oncogene gsp, los proto-oncogenes ras y el gen transcriptor hst, mientras que la inactivación funcional de genes supresores como el gen p53 en estudios con animales transgénicos, presentan un importante papel en el desarrollo de tumores hipofisarios experimentales. La mutación del gen del retinoblastoma parece ser poco frecuente entre los adenomas hipofisarios y su ocurrencia se asocia a tumores hipofisarios invasivos o malignos. Los péptidos hormonales hipotalámicos, las citoquinas y los factores de crecimiento presentan capacidad de estimulación autocrina y paracrina, que pudieran contribuir al proceso de transformación celular y crecimiento neoplásico. El factor de crecimiento similar a la insulina tipo-I en la hipófisis parece presentar un papel predominantemente inhibitorio, así como otros factores que experimentalmente se comportan como reguladores negativos en el crecimiento celular hipofisario, aunque aún no está bien definido el verdadero carácter que tendrían los factores de crecimiento locales. En los últimos años se han argumentado aspectos importantes de la biología celular y molecular de los adenomas hipofisarios, pero se necesita avanzar más antes de que podamos señalar con precisión el origen exacto de cada uno de los tipos de estas neoplasias

Pesquisaje de lesiones precancerosas y cancerosas del colon en los trabajadores del asbesto / Screening of precancerous and cancerous lesions of the colon in asbestos-cement exposed workers

Se realizo un pesquisaje mediante la aplicacion de la prueba de sangre oculta en heces fecales y colonoscopia a los trabajadores de la Fabrica de Asbesto-Cemento "Armando Mestre" de Ciudad de la Habana. De los 400 trabajadores con que cuenta la fabrica fueron encuestados 272, de los cuales solo161 (59,1 por ciento), acudieron a entregar las heces fecales para la determinacion de sangre oculta. La prueba fue positiva en el 19,8 por ciento, es decir, 32trabajadores de estos 161. De los casos positivos solo 16 aceptaron hacerse la colonoscopia, y en 6 de ellos (37,5 por ciento) se encontraron polipos. De estosultimos 2 presentaron lesiones multiples y 4, lesiones unicas. El estudio histologico mostro que todos los polipos eran adenomas y 2 de ellos presentaban displasias. Ninguno de los trabajadores con polipos tenia evidencias de sangramiento rectal, ni aun los que presentaban lesiones mayores de 1 cm. No se observo cancer de colon en este pesquizaje. Por los resultados de nuestro trabajo no parece existir relacion entre la presencia o no de polipos y los anos de exposicion al asbesto

Malformación adenomatoide quística pulmonar: presentación de 6 casos y revisión de la literatura / Cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung: 6 cases presented and review literature

Presentamos seis casos de la llamada Malformación Adenomatoide Quística Pulmonar. Cinco correspondieron a autopsias realizadas en recién nacidos en el servicio de Anatomía Patológica del hospital San Juan de Dios del Callao Lima-Perú, el último pertenece a un bebé lactante operado en la clínica San Borja Lima-Perú. Esta parece ser la primera publicación de tal entidad en el lenguaje español. La patología macroscópica está bien documentada fotográficamente. Nosotros pensamos que la clasificación de Stocker puede ser completada con un IV tipo (casos mixtos). Se presenta la bibliografía de esta entidad hasta la fecha de publicación de este artículo

Complicaçöes cranianas da microcirurgia trasesfenoidal / Skull complications caused by transsphenoidal microsurgery

Cento e dezesseis pacientes portadores de adenomas hipofisários submetidos à microcirurgia transesfenoidal foram revistos para avaliar as complicaçoes do procedimento. Fístula liquórica acometeu 5 (4,3 por cento) dos pacientes, "diabetes insípidus" ocorreu em 13 (11,2 por cento) até um ano após a cirurgia, e em 5 (4,3 por cento) após um ano. Pneumoencéfalo, meningite, isquemia cerebral transitória, lesao do quiasma óptico ocorreu em 0,8 por cento dos casos. Insuficiência suprarenal tardia acometeu 1 paciente. Nao houve mortalidade operatória e a maioria das complicaçoes exceto a lesao do quiasma óptico evoluíram favoravelmente. Uma paciente foi reoperada para tratamento da fístula liquórica. Embora a microcirurgia transesfenoidal seja considerada um procedimento de baixo risco, as complicaçoes existem. O planejamento cirúrgico adequado e o pronto reconhecimento destas complicaçoes minimizam os riscos do procedimento.

Esclerose tuberosa / Tuberous sclerosis

Os autores relatam o caso de um paciente de 35 anos, pardo, pedreiro, portador de adenomas sebáceos na face diagnosticados por biópsia, com poucos sintomas respiratórios, cuja radiografia de tórax revelou infiltrado interticial de base e a prova funcional respiratória, padräo restritivo leve. A seguir, tecem comentários sobre a esclerose tuberosa em suas formas completa e incompleta e o envolvimento pulmonar nesta doença correlacionando com o quadro em questäo.