Morphological, immunological, and biochemical analyses of chicken spleen cells transformed in vitro by reticuloendotheliosis virus strain T.

Reticuloendotheliosis virus strain T (REV-T) is a highly oncogenic avian retrovirus which causes a rapid neoplastic disease of the lymphoreticular system. We derived six cell lines (1-3, 1-5, 2-10, 2-14, 2-16, and 2-20) from chicken spleen cells infected with REV-T. These cells can produce both the REV-T and its associated reticuloendotheliosis helper virus, REV-A. Histochemical analyses of these cells indicate that, while they are not stained by benzidine, peroxidase, beta-glucuronidase or acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, they contain a high proportion (95%) of cells positive for acid phosphatase. Light and electron microscopic studies of these cells also revealed morphologies of lymphoblasts or activated lymphocytes with irregular nuclei and dispersed chromatin. Immunochemical analyses indicate that essentially all (90 to 100%) of the cells contain the surface marker Ia, but no cytoplasmic immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G could be detected by immunofluorescence staining. Results also show that some of these cell lines contain a low level of terminal transferase (0.02 to 0.17 unit/10(9) cells), and a proportion (3 to 35%) of these cells can be stained by an antiserum directed against chicken bursa cells. These results are consistent with the conclusion that the cells transformed by the highly oncogenic REV-T are lymphoid in nature. In addition, at least some of these cell clones may contain features characteristic of activated B-lymphocytes. Analysis of these cell clones indicates that some cell lines contain an adherent and nonadherent population with some differences in morphologies. In addition, electron microscopic examination revealed that, while the non-adherent cells are actively producing type C viruses, type C viruses are either absent or very rare in the adherent cell populations. These results support the conclusion that some of these cell lines are heterogeneous and contain subpopulations of cells with differences in their ability to produce viruses.

Malignant histiocytosis: A light- and electron-microscopic and histochemical study.

The light- and electron-microscopic features and histochemical characterization of three consecutive cases of malignant histiocytosis (MH) are reported. Each case demonstrated involvement of lymph nodes and bone marrow. In the lymph node, the characteristic destructive sinusoidal pattern of involvement by cytologically malignant cells was present. Phagocytosis by malignant cells was rare and most readily appreciated in the imprint preparations. The major problem in differential diagnosis related to defining the histiocytic nature of the malignant cells. This question was resolved by the demonstration of diffuse cytoplasmic staining with the nonspecific esterase and acid phosphatase reactions as well as the ultrastructural demonstration of histiocytes. Although benign, reactive histiocytes were positive, malignant histiocytes did not stain for lysozyme by an immunoperoxidase technique. In contrast to the uniform appearance of these cases, many reports of MH in the past have consisted of heterogeneous cases with variable histologic appearances from a proliferation of predominantly mature histiocytes with marked phagocytosis to cytologically malignant cells with little apparent functional activity. This variation in histologic appearance is due in part to inclusion of cases of reactive histiocytic proliferations, including the recently described virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome.

Mucicarminophilic histiocytosis. A polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) storage disease simulating signet-ring cell carcinoma.

In Taiwan, a peculiar type of cell with mucicarmine-positive bubbly or vacuolated cytoplasm was sporadically observed in a variety of surgical specimens removed for neoplastic or non-neoplastic conditions. They closely mimicked signet-ring cell carcinoma. Study of 14 such cases and review of the related literature led to the conclusion that the peculiar cells were storage histiocytes containing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Because they were shown to be mucicarmine-positive, we designated them " mucicarminophilic histiocytes." Particulate bodies sometimes observed in association with mucicarminophilic histiocytes were believed to be the extracellular counterpart of the cytoplasmic vacuoles. Our survey also revealed that PVP-containing intravenous injection fluids had been used in Taiwan as recently as 5 years ago. For surgical pathologists, PVP-containing mucicarminophilic histiocytes should not be mistaken for signet-ring cell carcinoma or signet-ring cell lymphoma. Mucicarminophilic histiocytes can be identified by the positive mucicarmine, colloidal iron, Gomori methenamine silver, Congo red, Sudan black B, Fontana-Masson argentaffin, and Victoria blue; but negative periodic acid-Schiff, alcian blue, and Giemsa stains.

The synovium and synovial fluid in multicentric reticulohistiocytosis--a light microscopic, electron microscopic and cytochemical analysis of one case.

The synovium and synovial fluid have been studied in a patient with multicentric reticulohistiocytosis. Previously unreported histochemical, immunocytochemical and ultrahistochemical findings are presented and their relevance to the aetiology and pathogenesis are discussed. The synovial fluid analysis in this disease is characteristic and may be helpful in its early diagnosis.

Benign cephalic histiocytosis.

A 2-year-old boy was seen because of an extensive asymptomatic papular eruption on the face, neck, and shoulders of 18-months' duration. A skin biopsy specimen revealed cellular infiltrates composed predominantly of histiocytes. Electron microscopy of biopsy material disclosed "comma-shaped" inclusion bodies in the cell cytoplasm, consistent with the findings described in benign cephalic histiocytosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this clinical entity in the American literature.

Tumor cell characterization of histiocytic medullary reticulosis.

Tumor cells from a 10-year-old boy was suspected histiocytic medullary reticulosis were examined and were found to have receptor sites for complement, the ability to phagocytize latex beads, and the electron microscopical picture of immature histiocytes. These findings strongly support the diagnosis of histiocytic medullary reticulosis. This disorder and the method of examination of the tumor cells are discussed.

Response of nodular non-X histiocytosis to vinblastine.

Progressive cutaneous papulonodular non-X histiocytosis of the face and proximal parts of the extremities developed in a 28-year-old woman. Histologic study showed masses of benign histiocytes with foci of lymphocytes. Occasional cells contained diastase-resistant cytoplasmic polysaccharide that stained positive with PAS stain. No iron, fat, or Touton or other giant cells were present. Ultrastructural study disclosed laminar bodies but no Langerhans' cells or Langerhans' granules. The process responded to low-dose intravenous vinblastine sulfate treatment.

Pagetoid reticulosis. A further case report with a review of the literature.

A further case of pagetoid reticulosis (PR) was studied, and the findings were compared with 18 previous case reports in the literature. There seem to be two variants: The generalized type (Ketron-Goodman) with disseminated lesions and a poor prognosis, and the localized type (Woringer-Kolopp), with a single lesion usually located on the extremities with a good prognosis (if the lesion can be totally cleared by excision or highdose-radiation). The basic criterion of diagnosis is a very strong cellular infiltrate within the epidermis, but usually weak in the upper dermis. The etiology of PR remains unclear: In some cases a T-cell lymphoma seems a likely interpretation. In others, epidermal infiltrating cells are not typically lymphoid, but remain morphologically unclassifiable.

The ultrastructure of mycosis fungoides, of Sezary's syndrome, and of Woringer-Kolopp's disease (pagetoid reticulosis).

Skin lesions of 13 cases of mycosis fungoides, 2 cases of Sézary's syndrome and one case of Woringer-Kolopp's disease were studied. In mycosis fungoides two main cell types were observed: small atypical lymphoid cells, and large atypical lymphoid cells. The small atypical lymphoid cells were characterized by dense nuclei with varying degrees of nuclear lobulation. Normal-appearing lymphocytes and typical mycosis cells were in this cell group. The large atypical lymphoid cells were characterized by large nuclei with little lobulation and by less chromatin condensation, as well as by a more abundant cytoplasm. Their identification is discussed and indications of their possibly being neoplastic or proliferating lymphoblasts are given. In Sézary's syndrome Sézary cells with more lobulated nuclei than in mycosis cells and lymphoblast-like cells as in mycosis fungoides could be found. In Woringer-Kolopp's disease cells similar to Sézary cells aggregated mainly in the epidermis. No interdigitating reticulum cells and no other morphological signs of a specific lymphocyte microenvironment were found in any of the cases.

["Pagetoid reticulosis" (Woringer and Kolopp disease). A disease of the Merkel cell (author's transl)]. / La "réticulose pagétoïde" de Woringer et Kolopp. Une maladie de la cellule de Merkel.

A case of Woringer and Kolopp disease "Pagetoid reticulosis" is described. Clinical features include a ring of a target pattern of erythemato-squamous infiltrated skin lesion. The characteristic histological aspect of dense epidermal infiltrate by abnormal cells with a spared dermis has been observed. Ultrastructural findings include cytoplasmic granules with a found electron dense core and close relationship to neurites, two features of the Merkel cell of human normal epidermis. By comparing our patients with the already reported cases of Woringer and Kolopp disease it seems likely that this is a unique disease with no relationship with cutaneous lymphoma but which is defined by a Merkel cell proliferation.

[Generalized eruptive histiocytoma. Apropos of a case. Review of the literature]. / Histiocytome éruptif généralisé. A propos d'un cas. Revue de la littérature.

About one case of generalized eruptive histiocytoma (G.E.H.) (the second French case) and about thirteen others cases mentioned in literature, the authors remind the clinical, histological, immuno-histochemical and evolutive aspects of this misunderstanding disease, described by Winkelmann in 1963. After having classed it, in the group of nodular, non X, non lipidique, benign histiocytosis, they expose the imprecision of this nosological limits of the G.E.H., in comparison to the bordering diseases. At last, they insist upon the fact that the few number of cases published up to this time, the lack of stand back and the casual transformation into a multicentric reticulo-histiocytosis must induce to watchfulness by requiring for each patient affected by G. E. H. and for a long time, a regular, clinical, radiological and hematological supervision.

[Crosti's reticulosis. Report on three cases, one with ultrastructural study (author's transl)]. / La réticulose de Crosti. A propos de 3 cas dont un avec étude ultrastructurale.

Crosti's reticulosis is defined as a peculiar form of well-circumscribed, slow developing lymphomas in adults, with a malignant histological picture. Three cases with typical dorsal localisation according to Crosti's first description are reported and the cardinal features of this type of tumour are recalled. One observation includes an ultrastructural study which confirms the malignant nature of histiocytes in this disease. Localisation in back seems not to be exclusive and a study of 32 cases of the literature about other localised cutaneous reticulum cell lymphomas show them similar to Crosti's reticulosis-which authorizes their classification, as was proposed by Thiers in a single group of slow developing circumscribed reticuloses.

[Malignant histiocytosis in children (pathologicoanatomic study of 16 cases)]. / Zlokachestvennyi gistiotsitoz u detei (patologoanatomicheskoe issledovanie 16 sluchaev).

Malignant histiocytosis is a rare neoplastic disease from the group of acute leukemias. Morphological characteristics of the disease are presented on the basis of histological, histochemical, and electron microscopic examinations of section materials from 16 cases of malignant histiocytosis in children of 6 to 14 years. Systemic focal-diffuse proliferation of tumor cells of histiocytic type of various degrees of differentiation was observed in organs and tissues. Most frequently, typical macro- and/or microscopic lesions were detected in lymph nodes, bone marrow of vertebrae, flat and tubular bones, liver, and spleen. The histiocytic nature of tumor cells was judged primarily from such signs as their capacity for phagocytosis detectable by light and electron microscopy, high diffuse cytoplasmic activity on nonspecific esterase and acid phosphatase, and features of the ultrastructure. In the establishment of the diagnosis, malignant histiocytosis had to be differentiated from Letters-Siwe disease, sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, lymphogranulomatosis, immunoblastic lymphosarcoma, melanoma, undifferentiated cancer.