Male sexual arousal across five modes of erotic stimulation.

Penile circumference changes and subjective sexual arousal were recorded when erotic material depicting the same sequence of events was experienced in five different modes: film, slides, spoken-text, written-text, and fantasy. Twenty-four men were tested within a repeated-measures design, with the order of presentation of modes counterbalanced across subjects. Sessions were separated by 24 hr or more. The highest levels of physiological and subjective arousal were found for film, while fantasy produced the lowest level of arousal. Slides, spoken-text, and written-text elicited intermediate levels of arousal, and these three conditions were equally potent. Factors relating to mode differences in arousal to erotic stimulation are discussed.

Meeting health-care educational needs: a case study.

The rapid rise of health-care education has been much noted and discussed of late. Most of the prominent A-V magazines feature articles about health-care education programs, ads for soft-ware production aimed at different health-care needs, and tips on in-house production of materials. Rarely, however, do authors address themselves to how particular hospital needs are perceived, assessed, defined, and--given the preceding requirements--met with specific in-house productions.

Biofeedback-assisted sexual arousal in females: a comparison of visual and auditory modalities.

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of instructional set and biofeedback modality upon the ability of 23 females to achieve control over sexual arousal. Two levels of instructional set (increase, decrease) were completely crossed with three feedback modalities (audio, visual, no feedback). Changes in vaginal blood volume (VBV) and vaginal pulse amplitude (VPA) were monitored by a vaginal plethysmograph and reduced on line by a microcomputer. During feedback trials, all subjects received audio- or visual feedback of the VBV response. Subjects participated in two sessions, each consisting of six 3-minute trials, one in each instruction/feedback combination. Order of trials was counterbalanced. Subjective levels of arousal, VBV, and VPA were significantly higher under increase instructions. Also, a significant feedback effect was noted in the subjective measure and the VBV measure, favoring visual feedback for overall control of sexual arousal. However, the feedback effect accounted for a small portion of the variance, and it was concluded that performance was not appreciably superior with or without feedback. Thus practical considerations may determine the feedback modality to be used for vaginal vasocongestion in future research. Higher positive correlations of subjective ratings with vaginal blood volume occurred during feedback trials, which suggests that biofeedback may be helpful in discrimination training to facilitate awareness of the feelings associated with different arousal levels and correct labeling of increased vasocongestion as sexual. Further research is necessary to see if sexually dysfunctional women can benefit from a biofeedback component in a comprehensive therapy program and to determine the effect of many training sessions on discrimination and self-control of arousal.