[Pericardial involvement as initial manifestation of multiple myeloma]. / Interessamento pericardico come manifestazione iniziale di mieloma multiplo.

ABSTRACT

Pericardial involvement is a rare complication of multiple myeloma, caused by amyloidosis, infections, or plasmacell infiltration, usually at late or terminal disease stage. We report a patient with pericarditis coming from a department of Cardiology where a preceding (15 years before) diagnosis of breast cancer and present bloody pericardial effusion with probably malignant cells permitted at first to orientate towards metastatic pericardial involvement in breast cancer. Laboratory findings (pancytopenia, hypogammaglobulinemia, proteinuria) suggested to perform bone marrow aspirate, serum and concentrated urine immunoelectrophoresis, measurement of 24-h urine protein excretion, and further cytologic and immunocytochemical assay of pericardial fluid. Acquired data allowed to diagnose light chain multiple myeloma with pericardial involvement caused by plasmacell infiltration. We diagnosed this complication, representing first and main clinical feature of multiple myeloma, owing to a complete clinical and laboratory evaluation and repetition of cytologic and immunocytochemical assay of pericardial fluid.