The relationship between smoking machine derived tar yields and biomarkers of exposure in adult cigarette smokers in the US.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol
; 55(1): 17-27, 2009 Oct.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-19481578
ABSTRACT
UNLABELLED Comprehensive data on human exposure to smoke constituents from different machine-measured tar yield cigarettes is limited. METHODS:
This study used a stratified, cross-sectional, multi-center design to estimate biomarkers of exposure (BOE) from nicotine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), pyrene, CO, acrolein, and 1,3-butadiene and their relationship to tar yield categories of cigarette in adult smokers in the U.S. 3625 adults smokers were enrolled into four tar categories < or =2.9 mg (T1), 3.0-6.9 mg (T2), 7.0-12.9 mg (T3), and > or =13.0mg (T4). Biomarkers were measured in blood (carboxyhemoglobin, 4-aminobiphenyl-hemoglobin (4-ABP-Hb)-adducts, serum cotinine) and 24h urine (nicotine and five metabolites, calculated as nicotine equivalents (NE), NNAL, 1-OH-pyrene, 3-HPMA, MHBMA and DHBMA). Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).RESULTS:
Tar was a significant factor for most biomarkers in the ANCOVA models. The largest least square mean differences between tar categories was 35% for NE per day, 28% for NE per cigarette, 36% for serum cotinine, 42% for NNAL per day, 29% for NNAL per cigarette, 26% for 1-OHP, 24% for COHb, 14% for 3-HPMA and 40% for 4-ABP-Hb. Variability in BOE ranged from 41% to 154% CV.CONCLUSIONS:
There was a statistically significant effect of machine-measured tar yield on most BOE, which were generally lower with lower tar yield.
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Alcatrões
/
Fumar
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Exposição Ambiental
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Nicotina
Tipo de estudo:
Clinical_trials
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Observational_studies
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Prevalence_studies
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Prognostic_studies
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Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Adult
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Aged
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Aged80
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Female
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Humans
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Male
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Middle aged
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol
Ano de publicação:
2009
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Estados Unidos