Microbiologically-influenced corrosion of orthodontic alloys: a review of proposed mechanisms and effects.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: To summarise the currently available evidence on the effects of microorganisms on the corrosion processes of biomaterials, with specific relevance to orthodontic alloys. METHODS: Factors related to the micro-environmental milieu, conditions, site characteristics, microbial species, enzymes and compounds released in response to their attachment to surfaces and formation of biofilms are analysed with respect to their contributory roles in corrosion. RESULTS: Application to orthodontics is projected from relevant evidence, albeit hypothetical due to the lack of extensive investigations of the subject. The micro-organisms involved and effects observed in orthodontic alloys are summarised. Finally, protective measures are proposed to minimise the potential for corrosion processes in orthodontic patients.