Three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping for non-pulmonary vein foci in a patient with complete situs inversus and dextrocardia.

In patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) having congenital anatomical abnormalities, such as complete situs inversus and dextrocardia, pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) ablation can be performed safety using a three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping system. However, it is not clear whether a three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping system can be used to detect non-PV ectopic beats initiating AF in patients with complete situs inversus and dextrocardia. Here, we report a 21-year-old man with complete situs inversus and dextrocardia, who showed AF caused by non-PV ectopic beats. We successfully detected the origin of the triggered activity from the non-PV foci using three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping.