Andrographolide relieved pathological pain generated by spared nerve injury model in mice.

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT Andrographolide (Andro), found in large quantities in Andrographis paniculata Nees (Acanthaceae), is anti-inflammatory, especially in the central nervous system (CNS) glia. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to test Andro's ability to reduce allodynia in a spared nerve injury model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Male 30 g BalbC mice were divided into four groups (1) Sham-operated control (Sham-group); (2) nerve injured and treated with saline (Saline-group); (3) nerve injured and treated with Andro (Andro-group); (4) nerve injured and treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) (NSAIDS-group). Andro or NSAIDS (diclofenac salt) were injected intraperitoneally at 5 mg/kg body weight daily. Mechanical allodynia was assessed by von Frey tests at 3, 7, and 14 d. For immunohistochemical analysis, samples were collected at 7 d. RESULTS: The threshold for inducing allodynia increased and the response percentage reduced in the Andro-group when compared with the Saline-group, as well as when compared with NSAIDS groups throughout 3-14 d. The ratio of threshold for OP-Andro/OP-saline and for OP-Andro/OP-NSAIDS groups was 20.42 and 11.67 at 14 d, respectively. The ratio of response percentage for OP-Andro/OP-saline and for OP-Andro/OP-NSAIDS was 0.32 and 0.39 at 14 d, respectively. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) immunostaining in the spinal cord was reduced in the Andro-group. Astrocytic activities were not significantly reduced in the Andro-group compared with the Saline-group at 7 d post-operation (PO) Conclusions: Andro reduced mechanical allodynia more than NSAIDS at the same concentration, and the observed behaviour was associated with a reduction in inflammatory cytokine produced in the spinal cord.