Brain Glutamate, GABA, and Glutamine Levels and Associations with Recent Drinking in Treatment-Naïve Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder Versus Light Drinkers.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res
; 43(2): 221-226, 2019 02.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-30537347
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) studies have demonstrated abnormal levels of a variety of neurometabolites in inpatients/outpatients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) following acute alcohol withdrawal relative to healthy controls. In contrast, few studies have compared neurometabolite levels between less severe, treatment-naïve AUD individuals and light drinkers (LD) or related them to recent alcohol consumption. The present study compared neurometabolite levels between treatment-naïve AUD and LD individuals.METHODS:
Twenty treatment-naïve individuals with AUD and 20 demographically matched LD completed an 1 H-MRS scan, approximately 2.5 days following their last reported drink. 1 H-MRS data were acquired in dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) using a 2-dimensional J-resolved point-resolved spectroscopy sequence. dACC neurometabolite levels, with a focus on glutamate, glutamine, and GABA, were compared between AUD and LD participants. The associations between metabolite levels and recent drinking were explored.RESULTS:
AUD participants had significantly lower concentrations of GABA (Cohen's d = 0.79, p = 0.017) and glutamine (Cohen's d = 1.12, p = 0.005), but not glutamate (Cohen's d = 0.05, p = 0.893), relative to LD. As previously reported, AUD participants' glutamate and N-acetylaspartate concentrations were inversely associated with their number of heavy drinking days. In contrast, neither number of drinking (mean p = 0.56) nor heavy drinking (mean p = 0.47) days were associated with metabolite concentrations in LD.CONCLUSIONS:
The present study demonstrated significantly lower levels of prefrontal γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamine in treatment-naïve individuals with AUD relative to LD. Whether these findings reflect the neurotoxic consequence and/or neuroadaptive response of alcohol consumption versus a predrinking trait, and therefore a more durable neurochemical disturbance, awaits elucidation from longitudinal studies.Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas
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Ácido Glutâmico
/
Alcoolismo
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Ácido gama-Aminobutírico
/
Glutamina
Tipo de estudo:
Observational_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Adult
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Female
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Humans
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Male
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Alcohol Clin Exp Res
Ano de publicação:
2019
Tipo de documento:
Article