Characterization of Withania somnifera chloroplast genome and its comparison with other selected species of Solanaceae.

ABSTRACT

Withania somnifera (L) Dunal, a wonder herb of family Solanaceae, has multiple medicinal properties. Here, we reported the chloroplast genome sequence of Withania somnifera (154,386 bp) which comprises of a large single copy region (85,688 bp), and a small single copy region (18,464 bp), separated by a pair of large inverted repeats (25,117 bp). The chloroplast genome has 132 genes including 86 protein-coding, 37 tRNAs and 8 rRNAs. Comparison of chloroplast genomes of Withania somnifera with four other Solanaceae species revealed similarities in genomic features, including structure, nucleotide content, codon usage, RNA editing sites, simple sequence repeats (SSRs), oligonucleotide repeats, and tandem repeats. We identified 147 simple sequence repeats in protein-coding, and 229 in non-protein-coding regions. We observed numerous post-transcriptional substitutions of Serine to Leucine, specifically at the second nucleotide position of the codon. Maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony tree reconstructed displayed Withania somnifera a sister taxon of Physalis peruviana.