Risk factors for progression of appendiceal neuroendocrine tumours: low-stage tumours <5 mm appear to be overwhelmingly indolent and may merit a separate designation.
Histopathology
; 79(3): 416-426, 2021 Sep.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-33754384
ABSTRACT
AIMS:
Appendiceal well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are usually incidental and clinically benign. Several studies have reported different risk factors for nodal metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate our appendiceal NETs (App-NETs) to determine the factors associated with malignant behaviour. METHODS ANDRESULTS:
For 120 App-NETs, we reviewed the clinical presentation and follow-up, including serum chromogranin A (CgA) levels, and compiled several microscopic variables. Pathological factors were compared with nodal status and time to biochemical recurrence (elevated serum CgA level) by the use of Cox regression. We also reviewed similar App-NET data in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Programme. Among our 120 cases, seven patients had positive lymph nodes, and nine developed subsequent elevation of CgA levels; none developed distant metastases or died of disease. Only three patients had grade 2 NETs; none had nodal disease, and one developed an elevated CgA level. Increasing tumour size was associated with an increased risk of nodal disease [odds ratio (OR) 4.99, P = 0.0055). All seven node-positive cases were ≥13 mm. Factors associated with elevated CgA levels included age (OR 1.04, P = 0.041), pT4 disease (OR 10.22, P = 0.033), and nodal disease (OR 24.0, P = 0.012), but not size (OR 2.13, P = 0.072). Of the 1492 reported App-NETs in the SEER database with data on tumour size, 137 (9%) were pN1; only five of these (4%) were coded as being <5 mm.CONCLUSIONS:
Small (<5 mm) App-NETs that do not invade the serosa or mesoappendix appear to be overwhelmingly benign and low-grade, requiring neither Ki67 staining nor synoptic reporting. Given their indolent behaviour, different nomenclature or staging may be more appropriate for these NETs.Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Neoplasias Pancreáticas
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Neoplasias do Apêndice
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Neoplasias Gástricas
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Tumores Neuroendócrinos
/
Neoplasias Intestinais
Tipo de estudo:
Etiology_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Female
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Humans
/
Male
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Histopathology
Ano de publicação:
2021
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Estados Unidos