Chronic Exposure to Tramadol Induces Neurodegeneration in the Cerebellum of Adult Male Rats.
Neurotox Res
; 39(4): 1134-1147, 2021 Aug.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-33818692
ABSTRACT
Tramadol is a centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic and SNRI (serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake-inhibitor) that structurally resembles codeine and morphine. Given the tramadol neurotoxic effect and the body of studies on the effect of tramadol on the cerebellum, this study aims to provide deeper insights into molecular and histological alterations in the cerebellar cortex related to tramadol administration. In this study, twenty-four adult male albino rats were randomly and equally divided into two groups control and tramadol groups. The tramadol group received 50 mg/kg of tramadol daily for 3 weeks via oral gavage. The functional and structural change of the cerebellum under chronic exposure of tramadol were measured. Our data revealed that treating rats with tramadol not only lead to cerebellum atrophy but also resulted in the actuation of microgliosis, neuroinflammatoin, and apoptotic biomarkers. Our results illustrated a significant drop in VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) level in the tramadol group. Additionally, tramadol impaired motor coordination and neuromuscular activity. We also identified several signaling cascades chiefly related to neurodegenerative disease and energy metabolism that considerably deregulated in the cerebellum of tramadol-treated rats. Overall, the outcomes of this study suggest that tramadol administration has a neurodegeneration effect on the cerebellar cortex via several pathways consisting of microgliosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, and neuroinflammatoin.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Tramadol
/
Cerebelo
/
Doenças Neurodegenerativas
/
Analgésicos Opioides
Tipo de estudo:
Prognostic_studies
Limite:
Animals
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Neurotox Res
Assunto da revista:
NEUROLOGIA
Ano de publicação:
2021
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Irã