Screening for Colorectal Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA
; 325(19): 1978-1998, 2021 05 18.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-34003220
ABSTRACT
Importance Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the US. Objective:
To systematically review the effectiveness, test accuracy, and harms of screening for CRC to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. Data Sources MEDLINE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for relevant studies published from January 1, 2015, to December 4, 2019; surveillance through March 26, 2021. Study Selection English-language studies conducted in asymptomatic populations at general risk of CRC. Data Extraction andSynthesis:
Two reviewers independently appraised the articles and extracted relevant study data from fair- or good-quality studies. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted. Main Outcomes andMeasures:
Colorectal cancer incidence and mortality, test accuracy in detecting cancers or adenomas, and serious adverse events.Results:
The review included 33 studies (n = 10â¯776â¯276) on the effectiveness of screening, 59 (n = 3â¯491â¯045) on the test performance of screening tests, and 131 (n = 26â¯987â¯366) on the harms of screening. In randomized clinical trials (4 trials, n = 458â¯002), intention to screen with 1- or 2-time flexible sigmoidoscopy vs no screening was associated with a decrease in CRC-specific mortality (incidence rate ratio, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.68-0.80]). Annual or biennial guaiac fecal occult blood test (gFOBT) vs no screening (5 trials, n = 419â¯966) was associated with a reduction of CRC-specific mortality after 2 to 9 rounds of screening (relative risk at 19.5 years, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.84-0.98]; relative risk at 30 years, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.65-0.93]). In observational studies, receipt of screening colonoscopy (2 studies, n = 436â¯927) or fecal immunochemical test (FIT) (1 study, n = 5.4 million) vs no screening was associated with lower risk of CRC incidence or mortality. Nine studies (n = 6497) evaluated the test accuracy of screening computed tomography (CT) colonography, 4 of which also reported the test accuracy of colonoscopy; pooled sensitivity to detect adenomas 6 mm or larger was similar between CT colonography with bowel prep (0.86) and colonoscopy (0.89). In pooled values, commonly evaluated FITs (14 studies, n = 45â¯403) (sensitivity, 0.74; specificity, 0.94) and stool DNA with FIT (4 studies, n = 12â¯424) (sensitivity, 0.93; specificity, 0.85) performed better than high-sensitivity gFOBT (2 studies, n = 3503) (sensitivity, 0.50-0.75; specificity, 0.96-0.98) to detect cancers. Serious harms of screening colonoscopy included perforations (3.1/10â¯000 procedures) and major bleeding (14.6/10â¯000 procedures). CT colonography may have harms resulting from low-dose ionizing radiation. It is unclear if detection of extracolonic findings on CT colonography is a net benefit or harm. Conclusions and Relevance There are several options to screen for colorectal cancer, each with a different level of evidence demonstrating its ability to reduce cancer mortality, its ability to detect cancer or precursor lesions, and its risk of harms.
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Neoplasias Colorretais
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Colonoscopia
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Detecção Precoce de Câncer
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Sangue Oculto
Tipo de estudo:
Clinical_trials
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Diagnostic_studies
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Etiology_studies
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Guideline
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Observational_studies
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Risk_factors_studies
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Screening_studies
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Systematic_reviews
Limite:
Aged
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Aged80
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Female
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Humans
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Male
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Middle aged
Idioma:
En
Revista:
JAMA
Ano de publicação:
2021
Tipo de documento:
Article