Investigation of the Physical Properties and Clinical Application of Embosphere Microspheres.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to understand physical characteristics of Embosphere microspheres for the clinical use of microsphere chemotherapy embolization of liver cancer. METHODS: The morphology of Embosphere microspheres in different states, including static, oscillating, and in a magnetic field was observed with the naked eye. Ninety-five patients diagnosed with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were separated into 3 groups based on the types of embolic material as follows 32 cases of sole microspheres, 34 cases of iodinated oil (17 cases with additional application of gelatin sponge particle), and 29 cases of iodinated oil + Embosphere microspheres. RESULTS: The diameter of the microspheres ranged from 100 to 300 µm, with a sedimentation rate υ = 0.0375 cm/s in physiological saline. The diameter of microspheres ranged from 300 to 500 µm, with a sedimentation rate υ = 0.1875 cm/s. The swelling rate of microspheres was 90%. Microspheres showed nondirectional movement in a 1.5- or 3.0-T magnetic field during magnetic resonance imaging. A volumetric ratio of 11.4-11.5 between microspheres and contrast agent resulted in optimal suspension properties. Microspheres appeared circular with a smooth surface upon water adsorption. Microsphere embolism was observable in blood vessels of pathological sections. The surface of microspheres can adsorb 5-fluorouracil and arsenic trioxide. There are statistically significant differences in local-regional tumor control conditions among patients treated with sole microspheres, iodinated oil, and iodinated oil + microspheres during transarterial chemoembolization. CONCLUSIONS: Embosphere microspheres can be used to embolize patients with rupture and hemorrhage of HCC. Embosphere microsphere embolization is superior to iodinated oil and iodinated oil + microsphere for HCC.