Socioeconomic and race/ethnic differences in immunosenescence: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need to understand variation in immunosenescence at the population-level. Thus far, population patterns of immunosenescence have not well described. METHODS: We characterized measures of immunosenescence from the 2016 Venous Blood Study from the nationally representative U.S Health and Retirement Study (HRS) of individuals ages 50 years and older. RESULTS: Median values of the CD8+CD4+, EMRANaïve CD4+ and EMRANaïve CD8+ ratios were higher among older participants and were lower in those with additional educational attainment. Generally, minoritized race and ethnic groups had immune markers suggestive of a more aged immune profile Hispanics had a CD8+CD4+ median value of 0.37 (95 % CI 0.35, 0.39) compared to 0.30 in non-Hispanic Whites (95 % CI 0.29, 0.31). Non-Hispanic Blacks had the highest median value of the EMRANaïve CD4+ ratio (0.08; 95 % CI 0.07, 0.09) compared to non-Hispanic Whites (0.03; 95 % CI 0.028, 0.033). In regression analyses, race/ethnicity and education were associated with large differences in the immune ratio measures after adjustment for age and sex. CONCLUSIONS: Lower educational attainment and minoritized racial ethnic status were associated with higher levels of immunosenescence. This population variation may have important implications for both risk of age-related disease and vulnerability to emerging pathogens (e.g., SARS-CoV-2).