Differential Associations of GAD Antibodies (GADA) and C-Peptide With Insulin Initiation, Glycemic Responses, and Severe Hypoglycemia in Patients Diagnosed With Type 2 Diabetes.
Diabetes Care
; 46(6): 1282-1291, 2023 06 01.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-37074874
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:
We examined the associations of GAD antibodies (GADA) and C-peptide (CP) with insulin initiation, glycemic responses, and severe hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D). RESEARCH DESIGN ANDMETHODS:
In 5,230 Chinese patients (47.6% men) with T2D (mean ± SD age 56.5 ± 13.9 years; median diabetes duration 6 [interquartile range 1, 12] years), enrolled consecutively in 1996-2012 and prospectively observed until 2019, we retrospectively measured fasting CP and GADA in stored serum and examined their associations with aforementioned outcomes.RESULTS:
At baseline, 28.6% (n = 1,494) had low CP (<200 pmol/L) and 4.9% (n = 257) had positive GADA (GADA+). In the low-CP group, 8.0% had GADA+, and, in the GADA+ group, 46.3% had low CP. The GADA+ group had an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.46 (95% CI 1.15-1.84, P = 0.002) for insulin initiation versus the GADA- group, while the low-CP group had an aHR of 0.88 (0.77-1.00, P = 0.051) versus the high-CP group. Following insulin initiation, the GADA+ plus low-CP group had the largest decrements in HbA1c (-1.9% at month 6; -1.5% at month 12 vs. -1% in the other three groups). The aHR of severe hypoglycemia was 1.29 (95% CI 1.10-1.52, P = 0.002) in the low-CP group and 1.38 (95% CI 1.04-1.83, P = 0.024) in the GADA+ group.CONCLUSIONS:
There is considerable heterogeneity in autoimmunity and ß-cell dysfunction in T2D with GADA+ and high CP associated with early insulin initiation, while GADA+ and low CP, increased the risk of severe hypoglycemia. Extended phenotyping is warranted to increase the precision of classification and treatment in T2D.
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1
/
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2
/
Hipoglicemia
Tipo de estudo:
Diagnostic_studies
/
Observational_studies
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Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Adult
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Aged
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Female
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Humans
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Male
/
Middle aged
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Diabetes Care
Ano de publicação:
2023
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Hong Kong