Microorganism-mediated bioremediation of dyes from contaminated soil: Mechanisms, recent advances, and future perspectives.

ABSTRACT

Many methods have been proposed for the remediation of dye-contaminated soils, a widespread form of environment pollution. Bioremediation, it is hoped, can combine ecological benefits with efficiency of dye decontamination. We review the types and sources of dye contaminants; their possible effects on plant, animal, and human health; and emerging strategies for microbial bioremediation. Challenges, limitations, recommendations for future research, and prospects for large-scale commercialization of microbial bioremediation are discussed.