Humoral and Cellular Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 S and N Proteins.
Biochemistry (Mosc)
; 89(5): 872-882, 2024 May.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38880648
ABSTRACT
The pandemic of a new coronavirus infection that has lasted for more than 3 years, is still accompanied by frequent mutations in the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 and emergence of new virus variants causing new disease outbreak. Of all coronaviral proteins, the S and N proteins are the most immunogenic. The aim of this study was to compare the features of the humoral and T-cell immune responses to the SARS-CoV-2 S and N proteins in people with different histories of interaction with this virus. The study included 27 individuals who had COVID-19 once, 23 people who were vaccinated twice with the Sputnik V vaccine and did not have COVID-19, 22 people who had COVID-19 and were vaccinated twice with Sputnik V 6-12 months after the disease, and 25 people who had COVID-19 twice. The level of antibodies was determined by the enzyme immunoassay, and the cellular immunity was assessed by the expression of CD107a on CD8high lymphocytes after recognition of SARS-CoV-2 antigens. It was shown that the humoral immune response to the N protein was formed mainly by short-lived plasma cells synthesizing IgG antibodies of all four subclasses with a gradual switch from IgG3 to IgG1. The response to the S protein was formed by short-lived plasma cells at the beginning of the response (IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses) and then by long-lived plasma cells (IgG1 subclass). The dynamics of antibody level synthesized by the short-lived plasma cells was described by the Fisher equation, while changes in the level of antibodies synthesized by the long-lived plasma cells were described by the Erlang equation. The level of antibodies in the groups with the hybrid immunity exceeded that in the group with the post-vaccination immunity; the highest antibody content was observed in the group with the breakthrough immunity. The cellular immunity to the S and N proteins differed depending on the mode of immune response induction (vaccination or disease). Importantly, the response of heterologous CD8+ T cell to the N proteins of other coronaviruses may be involved in the immune defense against SARS-CoV-2.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Imunidade Humoral
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Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus
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Proteínas do Nucleocapsídeo de Coronavírus
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SARS-CoV-2
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COVID-19
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Imunidade Celular
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Anticorpos Antivirais
Limite:
Adult
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Aged
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Female
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Humans
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Male
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Middle aged
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Biochemistry (Mosc)
Ano de publicação:
2024
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Federação Russa