Paradoxical response to itraconazole treatment in a patient with onychomycosis caused by Microsporum gypseum.

ABSTRACT

A Columbian patient presented with a rare type of onychomycosis caused by Microsporum gypseum. Oral treatment with itraconazole formulation (Funazol) available in Columbia failed to improve the nail alteration. The fungitoxic effect of itraconazole was assessed on the M. gypseum strain cultured from the nail of the patient by using the method of culture of fungi on cyanoacrylate skin surface strippings (CSSS). In addition, a comparative evaluation of the oral bioavailability of itraconazole was made in volunteers after intake of Funazol and Sporanox. In the ex vivo bioassay on CSSS, topical itraconazole proved to be highly active against M. gypseum. After oral intake, however, the itraconazole bioavailability of Funazol relative to Sporanox averaged only 3.5%. Antifungal pulse therapy with Sporanox, 400 mg daily for 1 week per month for 4 months, cured the patient. This study shows that itraconazole is hardly or not absorbed from the oral formulation Funazol. Both the oral bioavailability and consequently therapeutic efficacy of the genuine drug (Sporanox) are highly superior.