Ocular manifestations in patients with HTLV-I associated infection--a clinical study of 93 cases.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to confirm that ophthalmological features seen in patients in Martinique, French West Indies, could be linked to infection by HTLV-I. The authors studied 93 HTLV-I infected patients divided into 70 patients with HTLV-I associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and 23 asymptomatic HTLV-I carriers. They did a complete ophthalmological examination with an assessment of lacrymal secretion by means of three tests Shirmer 1, break-up time and rose Bengal. Some patients had a biopsy of secondary salivary glands. When possible, detection of HTLV-I antibodies was carried out in the aqueous humor. In 45 of the 93 patients (48.4%) the presence of dry keratoconjunctivitis was recorded. In 22 of these 45 cases, a biopsy of the secondary salivary glands showed the presence of lymphoplasmocytoid infiltrations comparable to the glandular changes that occur with Gougerot-Sjögren syndrome. Among the 93 patients, 15 cases of uveitis were noted (16.1%) with 13 cases of anterior uveitis and 11 cases of vitritis. The inflammation was bilateral in 9 cases (9/15 = 60%). Two cases of cotton wool spots, 3 cases of abnormalities in the distribution of the retinal pigment and 7 cases of corneal lesions were also noted. Higher levels of anti-HTLV-I antibodies were detected in the aqueous humor of 3 patients with uveitis. The coexistence of dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis), uveitis and retinal microangiopathy in patients who are suffering from HAM/TSP could suggest the involvement of an autoimmune or immunological mechanism in the physiopathology of the illness.