[Morphological changes of the corpus callosum in schizophrenia]. / Alteraciones morfológicas del corpus callosum en esquizofrénicos.

ABSTRACT

Morphological brain alterations have long been noted in schizophrenia, although it is unclear whether they are a consequence of an early disturbance in brain development or represent a deterioration of a normal brain structure. The purpose of the present study is to establish a relationship between corpus callosum (CC) surface and perimeter. A female right handed schizophrenic group (n = 31) was compared with a control group (n = 25) of comparable sex, age (range 40-68 years) and handedness on measures of the CC area from a midsagittal T1 weighted image magnetic resonance imaging. Patients completed DSM IV criteria for Residual Schizophrenia. Patients with a known history of brain injury or neurologic illness were excluded. All had received neuroleptic drugs but no electroconvulsive treatment. Control and schizophrenic groups were subdivided into two age-ranges (E1 < or = 54 years and E2 > 54 years). Mean +/- SE (cm2) of CC surface in controls E < or = 54 and E > 54 were respectively 7.09 +/- 0.42 and 8.97 +/- 0.62 (p < 0.01) and in schizophrenics E < or = 54 and E > 54 were respectively 7.61 +/- 0.24 and 6.60 +/- 0.29 (p < 0.05). Among control and schizophrenic E > 54 sub-groups there were significant differences (p < 0.01). Statistically significant differences among sub-group values were obtained through analysis of variance. Correlation coefficient (r) between age and surface in control and schizophrenic groups were respectively 0.55; p < 0.05 and -0.45; p < 0.02. Our results provide evidence that chronic female schizophrenic patients have diminished CC surface and altered proportionality among surface and perimeter, that increases with age. However, in the control group, there is an increment of corpus callosum surface without altered perimeter proportionality.