Empagliflozin: HPLC based analytical method development and application to pharmaceutical raw material and dosage form.

The current investigation is based on efficient method development for the quantification of empagliflozin in raw and pharmaceutical dosage forms, as no pharmacopoeial method for the drug is available so far. The developed analytical method was validated as per ICH guidelines. C18 column with mobile phase (pH 4.8) consisted of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid solution and acetonitrile (70:30 v/v) was used for drug analysis. The calibration plot showed good linear regression (r2>0.999) over the concentration of 0.025-30 µg mL-1. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.020 µg mL-1 and 0.061 µg mL-1, respectively. The percentage recovery was estimated between 98.0 to 100.13%. Accuracy and precision data were found to be less than 2%, indicating the suitability of method for routine analysis in pharmaceutical industries. Moreover, the drug solution was found to be stable in refrigerator and ambient room temperature with mean % accuracy of >98%. Empagliflozin contents were also tested in both the raw API and marketed tablet brands using this newly developed method. The mean assay of raw empagliflozin and tablet brands were ranged from 99.29%±1.12 to 100.95%±1.69 and 97.18%±1.59 to 98.92%±1.00 respectively. Based on these findings, the present investigated approach is suitable for quantification of empagliflozin in raw and pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Relationship of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders with Religion and Psychosocial attitude among Local Medical College Students of Karachi: An epidemiological study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the awareness, prevalence and attitude of medical students towards obsessive compulsive disorder. METHOD: The cross-sectional study was conducted at different medical institutions in Karachi from August to October 2018, and comprised medical students who were selected using random sampling. The participants were asked to fill demographic form as well as the obsessive compulsive disorder Yale-Brown scale-based questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS 23. RESULTS: Of the 1172 subjects, 602(51.4%) were aware of obsessive compulsive disorder, while 570(48.6%) were unaware. Washing, counting and arranging were higher among females than in males (p<0.004). Fear, shame and stigma were of major concerns (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Awareness level of medical students regarding obsessive compulsive disorder was very low.

Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of cefpodoxime proxetil and H2 receptor antagonists in pharmaceutical dosage forms.

A new method on RP-HPLC is devised and validated, as per ICH guidelines, for the synchronous estimation of cefpodoxime proxetil and H2-receptor antagonits that are Cimetidine, Famotidine and Ranitidine. The method is simple, accurate, expeditious, reproducible, robust and precise. Chromatography was done on a C18 (250 x 4.6mm) column with methanol: water as mobile phae in the ratio of 70:30 (v/v), pumped at a flow rate of 1ml/min and pH was maintained using 85% ortho-phosphoric acid at 3. The λ max 240 nm was preferred for UV detection. A good linear relationship was attained, over the concentration ranges of 20-70 µg/ml and 5-30µg/ml, for cefpodoxime proxetil and H2 blockers respectively, with a correlation coefficient of R= 0.9987 to 0.9992. The method was validated and found precised (i.e. intra day and interday analysis) with RSD <2%. LOD and LOQ observations were under 0.4806 to 2.6069µg/ml which proved the method to be sensitive. The method provided satisfactory results of robustness and reproducibility, when validated and applied successfully for analysis of dosage forms.