RESUMEN
On 1 October 2019, a locally-acquired Zika virus disease case was laboratory confirmed in Hyères, Var department. Active case finding identified two additional locally-acquired cases living within 90 m, with symptom onset 8 days before the index case. Extensive patient interviews did not yield information supporting transmission through sexual contact or substances of human origin. Vector-borne transmission by local Aedes albopictus mosquitoes is the most likely mode of transmission. Here we describe the public health response.
Asunto(s)
Aedes/virología , Mosquitos Vectores/virología , Saliva/virología , Infección por el Virus Zika/diagnóstico , Infección por el Virus Zika/transmisión , Virus Zika/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Francia , Humanos , Control de Mosquitos/métodos , Infección por el Virus Zika/virologíaRESUMEN
An acute gastroenteritis (AG) outbreak occurred among participants in an obstacle race in France in the summer of 2015. An investigation in two phases was conducted to identify the source of infection and document the extent of the outbreak. First, a message on a social media website asked racers to report any symptoms by email to the Regional Health Agency of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. Second, a retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted through an interactive questionnaire for all participants, followed by an analytical study of potential risks factors. Of 8,229 persons registered, 1,264 adults reported AG resolved within 48 hours. Of adults who reported AG, 866 met the case definition. Age group, departure time and ingestion of mud were associated with AG. Twenty stool specimens tested negative for bacteria. All four stool samples tested for viruses were positive for norovirus genogroup I and genotype 2. No indicator bacteria for faecal contamination were found in drinking water but muddy water of ponds tested positive. The outbreak was possibly caused by human-to-human transmission of a norovirus introduced by one or more persons and transmitted through contaminated mud. Risks related to similar races should be assessed and recommendations be proposed to raise awareness among health authorities and organisers.
Asunto(s)
Diarrea/epidemiología , Diarrea/virología , Brotes de Enfermedades/estadística & datos numéricos , Norovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Carrera/estadística & datos numéricos , Virosis/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Trazado de Contacto/métodos , Trazado de Contacto/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Francia/epidemiología , Juegos Recreacionales , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Virosis/virología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Five persons in France were infected with Orf virus after skin wounds were exposed to infected sheep tissues during Eid al-Adha, the Muslim Feast of Sacrifice. Infections were confirmed by electron microscopy, PCR, and sequence analysis. Prevention and control of this underdiagnosed disease can be achieved by educating physicians, slaughterhouse workers, and persons participating in Eid al-Adha.