COVID-19 and the rise of intimate partner violence.

Stay-at-home policies have been implemented worldwide to reduce the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, there is a growing concern that such policies could increase violence against women. We find evidence in support of this critical concern. We focus on Peru, a country that imposed a strict nationwide lockdown starting in mid-March and where nearly 60% of women already experienced violence before COVID-19. Using administrative data on phone calls to the helpline for domestic violence (Línea 100), we find that the incidence rate of the calls increased by 48 percent between April and July 2020, with effects increasing over time. The rise in calls is found across all states and it is not driven by baseline characteristics, including previous prevalence of violence against women. These findings create the need to identify policies to mitigate the negative impact of stay-at-home orders on women's safety.

Do human capital investments mediate the intergenerational transmission of domestic violence?

BACKGROUND: Domestic violence is a major public health issue worldwide with detrimental consequences not only for its victims but also for the next generations. Despite an extensive literature documenting the persistent intergenerational transmission of domestic violence, few studies explore the mechanisms underlying this transmission. METHODS: We use data from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey implemented between 1984 and 2009 in the Philippines. These longitudinal data allow us to measure how much the association between witnessing parental violence during childhood and the experience of intimate partner violence in young adulthood is explained by different measures of human capital that occur up to young adulthood, including education and health outcomes, cognitive skills, and psychosocial traits. RESULTS: We find that these human capital measures explain 22 percent of the transmission of domestic violence. Our results indicate that depression at age 18 and cognitive ability at age 11 are the primary human capital channels. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest a potential role of interventions targeting these human capital investments in reducing the cycle of violence across generations, as such, it could expand the window of opportunity for effective interventions in developing countries.

Health shocks and their long-lasting impact on health behaviors: Evidence from the 2009 H1N1 pandemic in Mexico.

Worldwide, the leading causes of death could be avoided with health behaviors that are low-cost but also difficult to adopt. We show that exogenous health shocks could facilitate the adoption of these behaviors and provide long-lasting effects on health outcomes. Specifically, we exploit the spatial and temporal variation of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic in Mexico and show that areas with a higher incidence of H1N1 experienced larger reductions in diarrhea-related cases among young children. These reductions continue even three years after the shock ended. Health improvements and evidence of information seeking via Google searches were consistent with changes in hand washing behaviors. Several robustness checks validate our findings and mechanism.

The economic impacts of premature adult mortality: panel data evidence from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Measuring the household level economic impacts of AIDS-related deaths is of particular salience in South Africa, a country struggling with a legacy of poverty and economic inequality in the midst of an HIV epidemic. Household panel data that span more than a decade permit us to resolve many of the statistical problems that make it difficult to determine these impacts. After allowing for the impact of demographic adjustments and other coping strategies, we found evidence that these impacts are quite different across different types of households, and that the largest and most persistent effects were in the middle ranges of the South African income distribution, that is, households just above the poverty line. Households below that level seem less severely affected, whereas those above it seem to recover more quickly. All these results need to be treated with caution because their statistical precision is weak.

Pielofrenitis Xantogranulomatosa: a proposito de un caso / Xanthogranulomatous pyelophrenitis: one case

Se aporta un nuevo caso de pielonefritis Xantogranulomatosa. Se resalta el hecho de que la clínica y la radiología se comportaron como un tumor renal el examen histopatológico demostró que se trataba de una pielonefritis Xantogranulomatosa. Se analizan los factores etiopatogénicos los cuales tienen gran valor; entre ellos la presencia de una obstrucción urinaria crónica con o sin litiasis asociada y la consiguiente infección crónica severa, fundamentalmente causada por gérmenes gram negativos

La psicosis, un defecto en la identificación / The psychosis, a fault in the identification

Se trata de un trabajo cualitativo-cuantitativo, de un grupo de pacientes, de largo tratamiento y de seguimiento prolongado, combinando en el mismo, el aspecto psicofarmacológico con el aspecto psicoanalítico, que son tratados en el Hospital Neuropsiquiátrico Provincial de la Ciudad de Córdoba, República Argentina. estos pacientes tienen como rasgo común que padecen de una patología, caracterizada como Psicosis Delirante Crónica, de acuerdo a la clasificación francesa, o de Trastorno Esquizofrénico de acuerdo a los clasificadores internacionales (DSM IV, CIE 10). Con la finalidad de revisar y conocer el origen de la enfermedad en cada caso, los factores que se identifican como intervinientes, así como el análisis de las variables sociales y clínicas que se plantean. El 80 % de los pacientes llevan un tratamiento de entre 10 y 20 años, en tanto el 20 % restante lo llevan por menos de 10 años. El 46 % de los pacientes ha completado sus estudios secundarios, en tanto el 13,3 % lo ha hecho en el nivel universitario. En referencia a lo laboral, el 33,3 % no ha tenido ningún tipo de trabajo, en tanto el 66,7 % ha tenido algún tipo de trabajo, sea independiente, o en relación de dependencia, chocando con la dificultad del sostenimiento en el tiempo del mismo. En cuanto a la relación con la familia, el 86,7 %, guardan una relación intensa con los familiares directos, el 53,3% habiendo enfermado antes de los 24 años; no obstante, el 40 % de los pacientes viven solos, aún tomando en cuenta esta dependencia familiar.

Cómo estamos: análisis de la encuesta de niveles de vida / How are we: analysis of lives levels measurement

Contiene: La medición de los niveles de vida por las encuestas de tipo "LSMS": el contexto internacional; Pobreza y empleo en el Perú. Los aportes de las ENNIV 1985-94; Distribución; Pobreza; Servicios sociales

Pobreza y economía social: análisis de una encuesta (ENNIV 1997) / Poverty and social economy: survey annalysis (ENNIV 1997)

Contiene: Visión global, pobreza y desarrollo social; La pobreza vista desde distintos ángulos; Movilidad social y oportunidad demográfica: Perú: 1994-1997; Ajuste económico, desigualdad y movilidad; La educación y la probabilidad de ser pobre en el Perú de hoy; Los retornos a la educación y a la experiencia en el Perú 1985-97; La demanda por servicios de salud de la mujer rural en el Perú; El aseguramiento público en salud: factores que intervienen en la elección de proveedor; La mujer peruana y la brecha salarial; Determinantes de las decisiones de trabajo en tareas no agropecuarias dentro de la finca en el Perú