Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy by Improved Light Energy Capture Efficiency of Porphyrin Photosensitizers.

OPINION STATEMENT: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has garnered increasing attention in cancer treatment because of its advantages such as minimal invasiveness and selective destruction. With the development of PDT, impressive progress has been made in the preparation of photosensitizers, particularly porphyrin photosensitizers. However, the limited tissue penetration of the activating light wavelengths and relatively low light energy capture efficiency of porphyrin photosensitizers are two major disadvantages in conventional photosensitizers. Therefore, tissue penetration needs to be enhanced and the light energy capture efficiency of porphyrin photosensitizers improved through structural modifications. The indirect excitation of porphyrin photosensitizers using fluorescent donors (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) has been successfully used to address these issues. In this review, the enhancement of the light energy capture efficiency of porphyrins is discussed.

The inhibitory effect of kokusaginine on the growth of human breast cancer cells and MDR-resistant cells is mediated by the inhibition of tubulin assembly.

The emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) is a significant challenge in breast carcinoma chemotherapy. Kokusaginine isolated from Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. has been reported to show cytotoxicity in several human cancer cell lines including breast cancer cells MCF-7. In this study, kokusaginine showed the potent inhibitory effect on MCF-7 multidrug resistant subline MCF-7/ADR and MDA-MB-231 multidrug resistant subline MDA-MB-231/ADR. Kokusaginine markedly induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner in MCF-7/ADR cells. Furthermore, kokusaginine reduced P-gp mRNA and protein levels, and suppressed P-gp function especially in MCF-7/ADR cells. In addition, kokusaginine showed to inhibit tubulin assembly and the binding of colchicine to tubulin by binding directly to tubulin and affects tubulin formation in vitro. Taken together, these results support the potential therapeutic value of kokusaginine as an anti-MDR agent in chemotherapy for breast carcinoma.

A Review on the Mechanism and Structure-activity Relationship of Resveratrol Heteroaryl Analogues.

Resveratrol is one of the most interesting naturally-occurring nonflavonoid phenolic compounds with various biological activities, such as anticancer, neuroprotection, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory. However, there is no clinical usage of resveratrol due to either its poor activity or poor pharmacokinetic properties. Heteroarenes-modified resveratrol is one pathway to improve its biological activities and bioavailability, and form more modification sites. In this review, we present the progress of heteroaryl analogues of resveratrol with promising biological activities in the latest five years, ranging from the synthesis to the structure-activity relationship and mechanism of actions. Finally, introducing heteroarenes into resveratrol is an effective strategy, which focuses on the selectivity of structure-activity relationship in vivo.

[Clinical research on the surgical treatment of complex maxillary sinus diseases by pyriform aperture extend prelacimal recess approach].

Objective:The aim of this study is to explore the operative method, indication and clinical effect of enlarging anterior lacrimal Fossa via Piriform foramen for complex lesions of maxillary Sinus. Method:By imaging and pathology, twenty-one patients with tumors and bone cysts were confirmed that the lesion base was located in the anterior wall of maxillary sinus, alveolar recess and zygomatic recessor even more broadly. All patients were treated with pyriform aperture extend prelacimal recess approach surgery, and followed up for average 25 months. Result:All the 21 operations went smoothly, including 11 cases diagnosed with papilloma, 4 cases diagnosed with maxillary sinus carcinoma, 1 case diagnosed with moderate dysplasia, 1 case diagnosed with fibroangioma, 1 case diagnosed with schwannomas, 1 case diagnosed with maxillary sinus osteoma, 1 case diagnosed with maxillary sinus bone cyst and 1 case diagnosed with dentigerous cyst. Pyriform aperture extend prelacimal recess approach can thoroughly deal with lesions located in each part of the maxillary sinus. Intraoperative blood loss（191.6±44.7） mL. After operations, 6 patients had mild facial swelling, and 8 cases experienced facial numbness; There were no facial scar, collapse and deformation, anterior nares narrowing, tears overflow and other complications. None of the patients relapsed. Conclusion:The enlarged anterior lacrimal fossa via piriform aperture can provide enough space for complete resection of the complex lesions of maxillary Sinus, which are located in anterior wall, Alveolar recess, zygomatic recess and various parts of the base, the postoperative reaction is light, the complication is few.

[Clinical analysis of 170 cases head and neck lymphoma].

OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of head and neck lymphoma in order to improve its diagnose rate. METHODS: Review and analysis 170 patients with head and neck lymphoma in department of otolaryngology of Xiangya hospital from 1997 to 2005. RESULTS: Nasal cavity and nasal sinuses, neck, tonsil were the common place of the origin of head and neck lymphoma. There are 9 cases Hodgkin disease and 161 cases non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). T cellularity, B cellularity lymphoma, the mixed pattern and nullityping accounted for 60.9%, 36.0% and 3.1% of these patients with NHL, respectively. CHOP and radiotherapy were the main treatment method. CONCLUSION: The clinical and imageology manifestation of head and neck lymphoma were of diversification and no specificity, whose final diagnosis depended on immunohistochemistry.

[Analysis of sphenoid sinus malignant tumor misdiagnosis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical characteristics, therapeutic efficacy and misdiagnosis status of sphenoid sinus malignant tumor in order to improve the diagnosis rate. METHOD: Analysing and summarizing 18 patients with sphenoid sinus malignant tumor in our department from 1996 to 2005. RESULT: The metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma is the most of sphenoid sinus malignant tumor,the second is chordocarcinoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, its clinical manifestation was headache (78%), sight alteration (50%), cranial nerve palsy (39%), nose bleed (11%); the clinical diagnosis rate was 56%. CONCLUSION: The nasal endoscopy is the convention examination for these patients with sphenoid sinus malignant tumor whose imageology diagnosis is of limitation.