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BACKGROUND: Abdominoplasty, an emerging surgical procedure worldwide, associated with complications, as seroma, infection, and hematoma. This systematic review and meta-analysis compare the outcomes of abdominoplasty procedures performed using a scalpel versus a diathermocoagulation device (diathermy monopolar electrocautery), aiming to find a safer approach with fewer complications. METHODS: We conducted a systematic search in November 2023 using PubMed, Ovid Medline, and Ovid Chocrane databases. The methodological index for nonrandomized studies and the Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment tools were used to assess risk of bias for observational studies and randomized controlled trials, respectively. The data were analyzed using RevMan software. RESULTS: Six articles (1135 patients) were included, 521 patients were operated using a scalpel and 614 using electrocautery. Our analysis suggests that both seroma and drain output were seen more among the electrocautery group, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.62 (95% CI [0.39, 0.97], p = 0.04) and - 103.63 (95% CI [- 205.67, - 1.59], p = 0.05), respectively. It is important to note the high heterogeneity seen among the studies discussing the total drain output. Additionally, we did not find any statistical significance between both techniques in terms of the rate of hematoma, wound infection, operation time, and hospital stay length. CONCLUSION: When comparing the use of scalpel and electrocautery dissection in abdominoplasty, higher rates of seroma and total drain output are significantly associated with electrocautery dissection. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Background and objective Cosmetic surgery is a field that primarily focuses on the preservation, rebuilding, or improvement of the physical appearance of an individual through surgical and therapeutic methods. This specialization encompasses various interventions, both surgical, such as blepharoplasty, rhinoplasty, and breast augmentation, and non-surgical, including procedures such as chemical peeling, Botox injections, and dermal fillers. This study aims to assess the acceptance of cosmetic surgeries and non-surgical cosmetic procedures and the reasons for non-acceptance in a population from Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Methods This cross-sectional survey study was conducted in the general population of Jazan, Saudi Arabia, between July and August 2023. An online self-administered questionnaire was created using Google Forms and distributed through social media. The acceptance was measured using the Arabic translation of the Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale (ACSS). Results The mean cosmetic surgery acceptance score was 62.1 ± 25.9, whereas the mean non-surgical procedure acceptance score was 63.7 ± 24.5. Engaged and widowed participants had a higher mean acceptance score for cosmetic surgery, whereas divorced participants had a higher mean acceptance score for non-surgical cosmetic procedures. Higher age was associated with higher acceptance of cosmetic surgery (95% CI: 1-15), while having higher income was associated with lower acceptance (95% CI: -14 to -0.32). A higher level of parental education was associated with lower acceptance of surgical and non-surgical cosmetic procedures (95% CI: -23 to -3.5). The perceived lack of a need for cosmetic procedures was the most commonly cited reason for not accepting these procedures, while religious beliefs were the second most common reason. Conclusion Non-surgical cosmetic procedures generally had higher acceptance than cosmetic surgeries. Age, sex, marital status, income level, familial influence, and prior experience all played significant roles in shaping these attitudes. The perceived lack of a need for the procedures and religious beliefs were common reasons for not accepting cosmetic procedures.
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Background Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (POSA) is a common sleep disorder that can cause major health problems if untreated. Parental knowledge and awareness are critical for early detection and management of POSA in children. This study sought to measure parents' and caregivers' knowledge and awareness of pediatric POSA in Jazan, Saudi Arabia, as well as to uncover sociodemographic correlates of knowledge levels. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. A structured survey was used to collect data on sociodemographic factors and knowledge of pediatric OSA. Data were examined using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The study included 393 parents and caregivers, 36.4% of whom were in the 18-30 year age group. Most were Saudis (n=385; 98%), and 212 (53.9%) were men. Most parents (n=378; 96.2%) had limited knowledge of pediatric OSA. Significant knowledge gaps were observed in recognizing POSA symptoms, understanding its impact on children's academic performance, and their association with mental health issues. Internet and social networking sites were the most common sources of knowledge about POSA (n=131; 33.33%), followed by knowing someone with OSA (n=103; 26.21%). Parents with more than eight children had a significant association with more knowledge than those without children (adjusted OR = 10.661, 95% CI: 1.367-83.139, p = 0.024). Conclusion The study identified significant gaps in the recognition of POSA symptoms and understanding its impact on their children's academic performance and mental health. Despite their limited knowledge, parents were receptive to early intervention for POSA. The study suggests that parents with more children had better knowledge of POSA, indicating that experiential learning may contribute to their understanding. The study recommends developing and assessing targeted education and awareness programs for parents, healthcare providers, and the public to improve POSA diagnosis, care, and outcomes.
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(1) Background: Recent studies in Saudi Arabia have indicated that a small proportion of the population is hesitant to receive COVID-19 vaccines due to uncertainty about their safety. The objective of this study was therefore to examine concerns about COVID-19 vaccines in Saudi Arabia; (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study surveyed Saudi residents aged 14 years and older. The online questionnaire consisted of the following sections: (1) demographics; (2) knowledge about COVID-19 vaccines and sources of information; (3) COVID-19 vaccines worry scale; and (4) opinions about restrictions placed on unvaccinated individuals in Saudi Arabia. An adjusted regression model was computed to examine the relationships between demographic factors and worry about COVID-19 vaccines. All analyses were stratified by age, with those aged 19 years and above considered adults and those aged younger than 19 years considered as adolescents; (3) Results: A total of 1002 respondents completed the survey. Of the study sample, 870 were aged ≥19 years and 132 were aged <19 years. Of the adults in the study sample, 52% either agreed or strongly agreed with the statement, "I am worried about the potential side effects of COVID-19 vaccinations in children". Among adults, females demonstrated higher levels of worry about COVID-19 vaccines than males (ß = 1.142; p = 0.004) in the adjusted analyses. A high percentage of the participants either disagreed or strongly disagreed with allowing unvaccinated individuals to enter malls, schools, universities or to live freely without restrictions; (4) Conclusions: A high proportion of individuals in Saudi Arabia are concerned about possible side effects of COVID-19 vaccines, and many believe that unvaccinated individuals should not be restricted from participating in public life. It is therefore crucial to provide easily accessible information on the safety of COVID-19 vaccines in order to accelerate vaccination and minimize hesitancy regarding any future vaccinations that may be necessary.