Spheno-orbital juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma: a case report and literature review.

Ossifying fibroma (OF) is an uncommon benign fibro-osseous lesion. Based on its clinical, morphological, and radiological features, OF is further divided into cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF), juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma (JPOF), and juvenile trabecular ossifying fibroma (JTOF). JPOF rarely involves the cranial base, with limited reports published on spheno-orbital JPOF. In this paper, we report a case of JPOF of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone and lateral orbital wall in an 11-year-old child and show a surgical video. Although rare, JPOF should be considered in the differential diagnosis of fibro-osseous lesions of the spheno-orbital region.

Bibliometric analysis of the top 100 most cited articles on craniosynostosis.

BACKGROUND: Craniosynostosis is the premature closure of cranial sutures and it continues to be a therapeutic challenge due to the diversity and complexity of the syndrome. Bibliometric analysis is a study of ranking citations and exploring the most impactful articles in a respective discipline. It also demonstrates the chronological trends of publications. METHODS: In May 2020, we performed a title-specific search of the Scopus database using "craniosynostosis" as our query term without publication date restrictions. The top 100 articles in craniosynostosis were retrieved and analyzed. RESULTS: The top 100 most-cited articles in craniosynostosis received a total 13,826 citations, and an average of 138 citations per paper. The publication dates ranged from 1920 to 2015, with a peak period of top publications between 1996 and 2005. The most common category is clinical, followed by neurogenetics. The top cited article received 540 citation counts and 19.29 citations per year. The USA was the most contributing country to the list. The Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery published the largest number of top cited articles. Neurosurgery as a specialty contributed to most articles in the list (27 articles). The institute who contributed the most was the Assistance Publique Hopitaux Paris. CONCLUSION: Bibliometric analysis in craniosynostosis revealed major trend changes of research over the years, with a focus on neurogenetics and the different types of surgical corrections. The current collection of highly cited publications may assist physicians in gaining a better understanding of the evidence-based approach in craniosynostosis.

Exogenous Putrescine Increases Heat Tolerance in Tomato Seedlings by Regulating Chlorophyll Metabolism and Enhancing Antioxidant Defense Efficiency.

Crops around the world are facing a diversity of environmental problems, of which high temperatures are proving to be the most serious threat to crops. Polyamine putrescine (Put) acts as a master growth regulator that contributes to optimal plant growth and development and increased stress tolerance. Here, the current study aimed to elucidate how Put functions in regulating chlorophyll (Chl) metabolism, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense, as well as to characterize the expression of genes related to heat stress in tomato seedlings under such stress. The results revealed that Put treatment significantly attenuates heat-induced damage by promoting biomass production, increasing photosynthetic efficiency, and inhibiting excessive production of oxidative stress markers. Heat stress markedly decreased the Chl content in the tomato leaf and accelerated the leaf yellowing process. However, Put-treated tomato seedlings showed a higher Chl content, which could be associated with the functions of Put in elevating PBGD activity (Chl biosynthesis enzyme) and suppressing the activity of the Chl catabolic enzyme (Chlase and MDCase). Under high-temperature stress, the expression levels of the gene encoding factors involved in Chl biosynthesis and Chl catabolism were significantly down- and upregulated, respectively, and this trend was reversed in Put-treated heat-stressed seedlings. In addition, exogenous application of Put boosted the activity of antioxidant enzymes, along with the levels of expression of their encoding genes, only in plants that were heat stressed. Furthermore, the expression levels of heat-shock-related genes (HSP90, HSP70, and HsfA1) were elevated in Put-treated, high-temperature-stressed tomato seedlings. Taken together, our results indicate that Put treatment significantly increases the heat tolerance of tomato seedlings, by elevating Chl concentrations and suppressing Chl catabolic enzyme activity, modulating endogenous free PA content, increasing antioxidant defense efficiency, and upregulating the expression of heat-shock-related genes.

Assessing the response of five tree species to air pollution in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia, for potential green belt application.

Tree species (including Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Ziziphus spina-christi, Albizia lebbeck, Prosopis juliflora, Pithecellobium dulce, and Ficus altissima) were investigated to elucidate their appropriates for green belt application. Leaf samples were collected from four different locations in Riyadh: (1) residential; (2) dense traffic; (3) industrial; and (4) reference sites located approximately 20 km away from the city of Riyadh. Leaves collected from the industrial site showed the highest leaf area reduction. The smallest reduction of leaf areas was observed for F. altissima (11.6%), while the highest reduction was observed for P. juliflora (34.8%). Variations in the air pollution tolerance index (APTI) coupled with the anticipated performance index (API) for each species were examined. The APTI value of Z. spina-christi was highest (58.5) at the industrial site while the lowest APTI value was for P. juliflora (14) at the reference site. Correlation coefficient and linear regression analyses determined that the correlation between the ascorbic acid content and APTI is positive and significantly strong. Our findings indicate that urban green planning in Riyadh should include growing F. altissima on roadsides as well as in heavy industrial locations followed by Z. spina-christi and A. lebbeck according to their API and APTI performances.